Dalilin da yasa na'urorin auna nitrate na ainihin lokaci (ISE) ke maye gurbin samfurin ɗaukar samfurin kwata-kwata a yankunan kariyar ruwan ƙasa na Turai

Ga gaskiyar aikin da ake yi na ɗaukar samfurin nitrate a ƙarƙashin ƙasa na kwata-kwata. Wani ma'aikacin fasaha daga hukumar ruwa ya isa wani rijiyar sa ido a ranar 15 ga Maris, ya sauke wani mai tattara samfur, ya tattara samfurin millilita 500, sannan ya aika shi zuwa wani dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka tabbatar. Rahoton dakin gwaje-gwaje ya iso a ranar 22 ga Maris. Yawan nitrate a wannan rijiyar, a wannan rana ɗaya a watan Maris, ya kasance 48 mg/L — 2 mg/L ƙasa da iyakar umarnin EU na nitrates na 50 mg/L. An shigar da rahoton kwata-kwata. Rijiyar ta ci gaba da aiki.

Abin da rahoton bai bayyana ba: wani ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da aka yi a ranar 19 ga Maris ya zubar da sinadarin nitrogen daga wani filin masara da aka yi wa taki kwanan nan zuwa cikin wani ƙaramin ruwa. Zuwa ranar 24 ga Maris, yawan sinadarin nitrate a wannan rijiyar sa ido ya kai 71 MG/L. An tsara samfurin kwata na gaba a ranar 15 ga Yuni. Na tsawon kwanaki 83, an cire ruwan shan da nitrate ya wuce ƙa'idar doka, an yi masa magani, an kuma rarraba shi ga gidaje. Babu wanda ya sani. Shirin ɗaukar samfurin kwata na uku, wanda ya cika ƙa'idar sa ido ta doka, ya kama wani wuri guda da ya faɗi tsakanin balaguro biyu.

Firikwensin: Abin da "Ion-Selective Electrode" ke nufi ga ruwan ƙasa

Na'urar firikwensin nitrate ta ISE ba ta auna nitrate ta hanyar gani. Ba ta amfani da sharar UV kamar yadda na'urar firikwensin COD ta ruwa mai saman ruwa ke yi. Yana amfani da membrane na polymer da aka haɗa da ionophore - wani kwayar halitta da ke ɗaure ions na nitrate - don samar da ƙarfin lantarki daidai gwargwado ga aikin nitrate a cikin ruwan da ke kewaye. Wannan ƙarfin lantarki, wanda aka auna akan na'urar lantarki mai ma'ana kuma aka rama shi da zafin jiki, ana canza shi zuwa karatun taro a cikin mg/L ta hanyar lissafin Nernst.

Zaɓin yana da mahimmanci domin ruwan ƙasa ba ruwan nitrate ba ne tsantsa. Yana ɗauke da chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, da kuma narkar da carbon na halitta, waɗanda duk za su iya tsoma baki ga aunawa idan membrane ɗin bai yi zaɓe mai kyau ba. Famfon firikwensin Honde yana da ƙimar zaɓin nitrate na kusan 0.001 akan chloride - ma'ana yana amsawa da nitrate sau 1,000 fiye da chloride a daidai adadin. A cikin ruwan ƙasa na Holland, inda yawan chloride a cikin ruwa mai yashi yawanci ya kasance daga 20 zuwa 80 mg/L, wannan yana nufin tsangwama ga chloride yana ba da ƙasa da 0.1 mg/L na nitrate da aka bayyana - ba shi da yawa idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar ƙa'idar 50 mg/L.

Fitowar dijital ta RS485 Modbus-RTU tana kawar da lalacewar siginar analog a tsawon mita 30 zuwa 100 na kebul tsakanin firikwensin da ke nutsewa a cikin rijiyar mai lura da bayanai da mai lura da bayanan rijiyar. A cikin madauri mai lamba 4-20mA analog wanda ke gudana mita 80 na kebul ta cikin akwatin rijiyar da ta jike, siginar na iya zamewa da kashi 2-3% saboda tsangwama tsakanin madauri da ƙasa da kuma shigar da danshi a akwatin mahaɗin. RS485 na dijital yana da bambanci - yana auna bambancin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin wayoyin sigina guda biyu, kuma hayaniyar yanayi ta soke. Karatun da ke kan rijiyar iri ɗaya ne da karantawa a kan firikwensin.

An gina diyya ta atomatik a cikin kan na'urar firikwensin. Zafin ruwan ƙasa a cikin magudanar ruwa mai zurfi na Dutch yana bambanta a kowane lokaci daga 8°C a watan Maris zuwa 14°C a watan Satumba. Lissafin Nernst ya haɗa da ma'aunin gangara wanda ya dogara da zafin jiki wanda ke haifar da kuskuren 2% a kowace digiri Celsius idan ba a biya shi ba. Thermistor ɗin da aka haɗa yana gyara wannan a ainihin lokacin.

Me yasa Netherlands, me yasa yanzu

Netherlands tana aiki ne a ƙarƙashin Dokar Nitrates - izini na musamman na amfani da taki na dabbobi fiye da ƙa'idar EU ta kilogiram 170 a kowace hekta - saboda yawan amfanin gona da ƙasar ke samu. An sabunta rage amfanin gona, sannan aka ƙara tsaurara shi, kuma wasiƙar Hukumar Turai ta Disamba 2025 ga Ministan Noma na Holland Femke Wiersma ta nuna a sarari buƙatar "ingantaccen sa ido" kan nitrate na ruwan ƙasa a yankunan ƙasa mai yashi. Kimantawar Hukumar a watan Yulin 2026 ta tabbatar da cewa Umarnin "ya kasance dole, mai dacewa kuma mai tasiri" don kare ruwan EU.

An ƙaddamar da gwajin tura na'urori masu auna sigina na Honde RS485 nitrate ISE a watan Afrilun 2026 a cikin rijiyoyi 25 na sa ido a yankunan kariya daga ruwan karkashin kasa na Groningen da Drenthe, waɗanda kamfanin samar da ruwan sha na Vitens ke gudanarwa.

Yadda Cibiyar Sadarwa Ke Aiki A Tsakanin Rijiyoyin Kulawa 25

Rijiyoyin guda 25 sun kai zurfin mita 15 zuwa 45, duk suna cikin ruwayen Pleistocene masu yashi tare da yawan amfani da ruwa mai ƙarfi - wanda ke nufin suna amsawa da sauri ga nauyin nitrate a saman kuma suna murmurewa da sauri daidai lokacin da aka cire tushen nitrogen. Amsa mai sauri tana aiki ta hanyoyi biyu: rijiya na iya ƙaruwa daga 30 zuwa 70 mg/L cikin kwana uku bayan ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, kuma tana iya raguwa zuwa 35 mg/L a mako guda bayan bugun jini ya wuce. Samfurin kwata-kwata na iya rasa duka ƙarfin da murmurewa, yana ba da rahoton 42 mg/L kamar babu abin da ya faru.

Ana tura kowace na'urar firikwensin Honde nitrate a lokacin da aka tantance rijiyar, wacce aka rataye a kan kebul na bakin karfe a zurfin inda ruwan karkashin kasa ke shiga cikin rijiyar. Kebul na RS485 yana tafiya zuwa ga mai tattara bayanai da aka sanya a cikin katangar rijiyar. Ga rijiyoyi 18 daga cikin 25, mai tattara bayanai yana haɗuwa da na'urar 4G wacce ke watsa karatun nitrate na mintuna 15 a cikin MQTT Json zuwa babban dandamalin ingancin ruwa na Vitens. Ga sauran rijiyoyi 7 - waɗanda ke cikin ajiyar yanayi mai nisa inda babu murfin wayar salula - na'urar ita ce LoRaWAN, tana isar da bayanai zuwa ga wata ƙofa a tashar famfo mafi kusa, kilomita 8 zuwa 14 nesa.

A wurin rijiyar, mai adana bayanai tare da allo yana nuna yawan nitrate da ake da shi a yanzu, yanayin sa'o'i 24, da kuma tarihin kwanaki 30. A lokacin duba daidaito na wata-wata, ma'aikacin filin yana amfani da na'urar aunawa don tabbatar da na'urar aunawa da aka sanya a kan samfurin kamawa da aka yi nazari a dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka tattara a lokaci guda daga wannan rijiyar. Idan na'urar aunawa ta wuce ±2 mg/L, ana maye gurbinta a wurin cikin ƙasa da mintuna 20 kuma a sake daidaita ta a dakin gwaje-gwaje na tsakiyar Vitens.

Sabar girgije da manhajoji suna haɗa dukkan rijiyoyi 25 cikin dashboard guda ɗaya. Manajan ayyuka zai iya ganin bayanai na ainihin lokaci da bayanai na dukkan filin rijiyar. Amma dashboard ba shine babban hanyar tsaro ba.

Tsarin jigilar ƙararrawa shine. Kowace rijiya tana da matakai biyu da aka tsara. Mataki na farko, a 40 mg/L, yana haifar da sanarwar gargaɗi da wuri ga ƙungiyar ingancin ruwa - sigina ce da ke nuna cewa rijiyar tana gab da ƙayyadadden iyaka na 50 mg/L kuma tana iya buƙatar daidaita gauraya a wurin tace ruwa. Mataki na biyu, a 50 mg/L, yana haifar da hanyar jigilar ruwa ta zahiri wacce za ta iya rufe famfon rijiyar ta atomatik ko kunna wani rijiyar cire ruwa ta daban, tana karkatar da wadatar ruwa kafin ruwan da ya gurɓata ya kai ga shan maganin.

Sakamakon Fili: Yankunan Kare Ruwan Ƙasa na Groningen-Drenthe, Afrilu-Yuli 2026

Sakamakon aiki bayan kwana 100:

• Na'urori masu ci gaba da gano tafiye-tafiyen nitrate guda 31 sama da 50 mg/L waɗanda suka faɗi gaba ɗaya a cikin tagogi tsakanin kwanakin ɗaukar samfurin kwata-kwata. Waɗannan abubuwan 31, waɗanda ke wakiltar jimillar kusan sa'o'i 1,800 na fallasa nitrate a sama, ba za a iya ganin su ga shirin ɗaukar samfurin kwata-kwata da ake da shi ba.
• A rijiyoyi 6, tsarin jigilar ƙararrawa ya haifar da rufe famfo ta atomatik lokacin da nitrate ya wuce 50 mg/L. A kowace daga cikin waɗannan rijiyoyi 6, yawan nitrate ya ragu ƙasa da 40 mg/L lokacin da za a tattara samfurin kwata-kwata - ma'ana ba za a yi rajistar balaguron ba har abada a ƙarƙashin tsarin sa ido na baya.
• Ingancin na'urar auna sigina ta ISE, wanda aka tabbatar da shi bisa ga nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje na samfuran kama-da-wane na wata-wata, ya kai matsakaicin ±1.8 mg/L a cikin dukkan na'urori masu auna sigina 25 a cikin kwanakin 100. Na'urar auna sigina ɗaya ta yi ratsawa a waje da jurewar ±2 mg/L a wata na biyu - an gano ratsawa ta hanyar tabbatar da na'urar auna sigina ta wata-wata kuma an maye gurbin na'urar.
• Ƙungiyar Vitens mai kula da ingancin ruwa ta yi amfani da bayanan gargaɗin farko daga ƙa'idar 40 mg/L don daidaita rabon haɗa abubuwa a cibiyoyin magani guda uku, wanda hakan ya hana kimanin wuce gona da iri 12 kafin su kai ƙa'idar rufewa ta 50 mg/L.
• Dangane da bayanan gwaji, Vitens ta ba da shawarar fadada ci gaba da sa ido kan nitrate zuwa ƙarin rijiyoyin sa ido guda 60 a yankunan hakar ma'adinai na Gelderland da Overijssel a shekarar 2027.