A shekarar 2023, mutane 153 sun mutu sakamakon zazzabin dengue a Kerala, wanda ya kai kashi 32% na mace-macen dengue a Indiya. Bihar ita ce jihar da ta biyu mafi yawan mace-macen dengue, inda aka ruwaito mutuwar dengue 74 kacal, kasa da rabin adadin Kerala. Shekara guda da ta gabata, masanin kimiyyar yanayi Roxy Mathew Call, wanda ke aiki kan samfurin hasashen barkewar cutar dengue, ya tuntubi babban jami'in lafiya na Kerala yana neman tallafin kudi don aikin. Tawagarsa a Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Tsakiya ta Indiya (IITM) ta ƙirƙiro irin wannan samfurin ga Pune. Dr. Khil, masanin kimiyyar yanayi a Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Tsakiya ta Indiya (IITM), ya ce, "Wannan zai amfani ma'aikatar lafiya ta Kerala sosai domin zai taimaka wajen sa ido sosai da ɗaukar matakan rigakafi don hana faruwar cututtuka."
Abin da kawai aka ba shi kawai shi ne adiresoshin imel na Daraktan Lafiyar Jama'a da Mataimakin Darakta na Lafiyar Jama'a. Duk da imel na tunatarwa da saƙonnin tes, ba a bayar da wani bayani ba.
Haka nan ya shafi bayanan ruwan sama. "Tare da lura da kyau, hasashen da ya dace, gargaɗin da ya dace da manufofi masu kyau, za a iya ceton rayuka da yawa," in ji Dr. Cole, wanda ya sami kyautar kimiyya mafi girma a Indiya a wannan shekarar, Vigyan Yuva Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Geologist Award. Ya gabatar da jawabi mai taken 'Yanayi: Abin da ke rataye a ma'auni' a taron Manorama da aka yi a Thiruvananthapuram ranar Juma'a.
Dr Cole ya ce saboda sauyin yanayi, Yammacin Ghats da Tekun Arabiya a kowane gefen Kerala sun zama kamar shaidanu da tekuna. "Yanayin ba wai kawai yana canzawa ba ne, yana canzawa da sauri," in ji shi. Mafita ɗaya tilo, in ji shi, ita ce ƙirƙirar Kerala mai kyau ga muhalli. "Dole ne mu mai da hankali kan matakin panchayat. Dole ne a daidaita hanyoyi, makarantu, gidaje, sauran wurare da ƙasar noma don daidaita sauyin yanayi," in ji shi.
Da farko, ya ce, ya kamata Kerala ta ƙirƙiri wata hanyar sa ido kan yanayi mai yawa da inganci. A ranar 30 ga Yuli, ranar da zaftarewar ƙasa ta Wayanad ta faru, Sashen Kula da Yanayi na Indiya (IMD) da Hukumar Kula da Bala'i ta Jihar Kerala (KSDMA) sun fitar da taswirar auna ruwan sama daban-daban guda biyu. A cewar taswirar KSDMA, Wayanad ta sami ruwan sama mai ƙarfi (sama da 115mm) da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a ranar 30 ga Yuli, duk da haka, IMD ta ba da karatu daban-daban guda huɗu ga Wayanad: ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, ruwan sama mai matsakaici da ruwan sama mai sauƙi;
A cewar taswirar IMD, yawancin gundumomi a Thiruvananthapuram da Kollam sun sami ruwan sama mai sauƙi zuwa mai sauƙi, amma KSDMA ta ruwaito cewa waɗannan gundumomi biyu sun sami ruwan sama mai matsakaici. "Ba za mu iya jure hakan ba a waɗannan kwanakin. Dole ne mu ƙirƙiri cibiyar sadarwa mai yawa ta sa ido kan yanayi a Kerala don fahimtar da kuma hasashen yanayi daidai," in ji Dr Kohl. "Ya kamata a sami wannan bayanan a bainar jama'a," in ji shi.
A Kerala akwai makaranta a kowace kilomita 3. Ana iya samar da kayan aikin kula da yanayi ga waɗannan makarantu. "Kowace makaranta za a iya samar da na'urorin auna ruwan sama da na'urorin auna zafi don auna zafin jiki. A shekarar 2018, wata makaranta ta lura da ruwan sama da matakan ruwa a Kogin Meenachil kuma ta ceci iyalai 60 da ke ƙasa ta hanyar hasashen ambaliyar ruwa," in ji shi.
Hakazalika, makarantu za su iya samun wutar lantarki ta hasken rana kuma su sami tankunan tattara ruwan sama. "Ta wannan hanyar, ɗalibai ba wai kawai za su san game da sauyin yanayi ba, har ma za su shirya don hakan," in ji shi. Bayanan su za su zama wani ɓangare na cibiyar sa ido.
Duk da haka, hasashen ambaliyar ruwa da zaftarewar ƙasa na buƙatar haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwa daga sassa da dama, kamar ilimin ƙasa da ilimin ruwa, don ƙirƙirar samfura. "Za mu iya yin haka," in ji shi.
Kowace shekara goma, ana asarar ƙasa mita 17. Dr. Cole na Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Indiya ya ce matakan teku sun karu da milimita 3 a shekara tun daga shekarar 1980, ko santimita 3 a kowace shekara goma. Ya ce duk da cewa yana kama da ƙarami, idan gangaren ya kai digiri 0.1 kawai, mita 17 na ƙasa zai lalace. "Wannan tsohon labari ne. Nan da shekarar 2050, matakan teku za su tashi da milimita 5 a kowace shekara," in ji shi.
Hakazalika, tun daga shekarar 1980, adadin guguwar ya karu da kashi 50 cikin 100, kuma tsawon lokacin da suke yi ya kai kashi 80 cikin 100, in ji shi. A wannan lokacin, yawan ruwan sama mai tsanani ya ninka sau uku. Ya ce nan da shekarar 2050, ruwan sama zai karu da kashi 10 cikin 100 ga kowace digiri na Celsius da ke karuwa a yanayin zafi.
Tasirin Canjin Amfani da Ƙasa Wani bincike da aka yi kan Tsibirin Zafi na Birni na Trivandrum (UHI) (wani kalma da ake amfani da ita wajen bayyana yankunan birane da suka fi yankunan karkara zafi) ya gano cewa yanayin zafi a wuraren da aka gina ko dazuzzukan siminti zai tashi zuwa digiri 30.82 na Celsius idan aka kwatanta da digiri 25.92 na Celsius a shekarar 1988 - tsalle na kusan digiri 5 a cikin shekaru 34.
Binciken da Dr. Cole ya gabatar ya nuna cewa a wuraren da ba a bude ba, zafin zai tashi daga digiri 25.92 na Celsius a shekarar 1988 zuwa digiri 26.8 na Celsius a shekarar 2022. A yankunan da ke da ciyayi, yanayin zafi ya tashi daga digiri 26.61 na Celsius zuwa digiri 30.82 na Celsius a shekarar 2022, wanda ya kai digiri 4.21.
An rubuta zafin ruwan a digiri 25.21 na Celsius, ƙasa da digiri 25.66 na Celsius da aka rubuta a shekarar 1988, zafin ya kai digiri 24.33 na Celsius;
Dr Cole ya ce yanayin zafi mai yawa da ƙasa a tsibirin zafi na babban birnin ya ƙaru a hankali a wannan lokacin. "Irin waɗannan canje-canjen a amfani da filaye na iya sa ƙasar ta kasance cikin haɗarin zaftarewar ƙasa da ambaliyar ruwa," in ji shi.
Dr Cole ya ce magance sauyin yanayi yana buƙatar dabarun matakai biyu: ragewa da daidaitawa. "Ragewa sauyin yanayi yanzu ya fi ƙarfinmu. Dole ne a yi hakan a matakin duniya. Kerala ya kamata ta mai da hankali kan daidaitawa. KSDMA ta gano wuraren da ke da zafi. Samar da kayan aikin kula da yanayi ga kowane panchayat," in ji shi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-23-2024