1. Ma'anar fasaha da ayyukan asali
Na'urar auna ƙasa wata na'ura ce mai wayo wacce ke sa ido kan yanayin muhallin ƙasa a ainihin lokaci ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin zahiri ko na sinadarai. Babban ma'aunin sa idonta ya haɗa da:
Kula da ruwa: Yawan ruwa mai yawa (VWC), ƙarfin matrix (kPa)
Halayen jiki da sinadarai: Tsarin wutar lantarki (EC), pH, ƙarfin REDOX (ORP)
Binciken Sinadarai: Abubuwan da ke cikin Nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium (NPK), yawan kwayoyin halitta
Sigogi na thermodynamic: bayanin yanayin zafin ƙasa (ma'aunin tudu 0-100cm)
Alamun Halittu: Ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta (yawan numfashi na CO₂)
Na biyu, nazarin fasahar ji ta hanyar amfani da na'urori masu auna sigina na yau da kullun
Na'urar firikwensin danshi
Nau'in TDR (mai nuna yanayin yanki na lokaci): auna lokacin yaɗuwar raƙuman lantarki (daidai ± 1%, kewayon 0-100%)
Nau'in FDR (mita na nunin yanki): Gano izinin capacitor (ƙarancin farashi, yana buƙatar daidaitawa akai-akai)
Binciken Neutron: Adadin neutron da aka daidaita da hydrogen (sauƙin matakin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana buƙatar izinin radiation)
Na'urar bincike mai siga da yawa
Na'urar firikwensin 5-in-1: Danshi + zafin jiki na EC+ + pH+ Nitrogen (kariyar IP68, juriya ga tsatsa da saline-alkali)
Na'urar firikwensin spectroscopic: Gano abubuwa masu rai kusa da infrared (NIR) a wurin da ake aiki da su (iyakan ganowa 0.5%)
Sabuwar nasarar fasaha
Electrode ɗin nanotube na carbon: ƙudurin auna EC har zuwa 1μS/cm
Microfluidic chip: daƙiƙa 30 don kammala gano nitrogen na nitrate cikin sauri
Na uku, yanayin aikace-aikacen masana'antu da ƙimar bayanai
1. Gudanar da aikin gona mai wayo (filin masara a Iowa, Amurka)
Tsarin turawa:
Tashar sa ido ɗaya a kan bayanan martaba a kowace hekta 10 (20/50/100cm mai hawa uku)
Sadarwar mara waya (LoRaWAN, nisan watsawa 3km)
Shawara mai hankali:
Abin da ke haifar da ban ruwa: Fara ban ruwa na digo lokacin da VWC ya faɗi ƙasa da kashi 18% a zurfin santimita 40
Hadin da ke canzawa: Daidaita amfani da nitrogen mai canzawa bisa ga bambancin ƙimar EC na ±20%
Bayanan fa'ida:
Tanadin ruwa 28%, yawan amfani da sinadarin nitrogen ya karu da kashi 35%
Karin tan 0.8 na masara a kowace hekta
2. Kula da hana hamada (Aikin Maido da Muhalli na Yankin Sahara)
Jerin firikwensin:
Kula da teburin ruwa (piezoressive, kewayon 0-10MPa)
Bin diddigin gaba na gishiri (binciken EC mai yawa tare da tazara tsakanin lantarki na 1mm)
Tsarin gargaɗin farko:
Ma'aunin Hamada = 0.4×(EC>4dS/m)+0.3×(kwayoyin halitta <0.6%)+0.3×(abun da ke cikin ruwa <5%)
Tasirin shugabanci:
Yaɗuwar kayan lambu ya ƙaru daga kashi 12% zuwa kashi 37%
Rage gishirin saman ƙasa da kashi 62%
3. Gargaɗi game da bala'in ƙasa (Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan Monitoring Landscape Network)
Tsarin sa ido:
Gangaren ciki: na'urar auna matsin ruwa a rami (kewayon 0-200kPa)
Matsar da saman: MEMS dipmeter (ƙuduri 0.001°)
Tsarin gargaɗi na farko:
Ruwan sama mai tsanani: cikar ƙasa > 85% da ruwan sama na awa ɗaya > 30mm
Yawan ƙaura: Awa 3 a jere > 5mm/h ƙararrawa mai jan hankali
Sakamakon aiwatarwa:
An yi nasarar gargadin zaftarewar ƙasa sau uku a shekarar 2021
An rage lokacin amsawar gaggawa zuwa mintuna 15
4. Gyaran wuraren da suka gurɓata (Maganin ƙarfe masu nauyi a Ruhr Industrial Zone, Jamus)
Tsarin ganowa:
Na'urar firikwensin haske ta XRF: Gano Lead/cadmium/Arsenic a wurin da yake (daidaiton ppm)
Sarkar REDOX mai yuwuwa: Kula da hanyoyin gyaran halittu
Ikon hankali:
Ana kunna maganin phytoremediation lokacin da yawan arsenic ya faɗi ƙasa da 50ppm
Idan ƙarfin ya wuce 200mV, allurar mai ba da wutar lantarki tana haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta
Bayanan shugabanci:
An rage gurɓatar gubar da kashi 92%
An rage zagayen gyara da kashi 40%
4. Tsarin juyin halittar fasaha
Rage girman bayanai da jeri
Na'urori masu auna Nanowire (<100nm a diamita) suna ba da damar sa ido kan yankin tushen shuka ɗaya
Fata mai sassauƙa ta lantarki (ƙafa 300%) YANA ƊAUKAR DA GYARAN ƘASA
Haɗakar fahimta ta hanyoyi da yawa
Juyawar yanayin ƙasa ta hanyar sautin murya da kuma ƙarfin lantarki
Hanyar auna bugun jini na zafin jiki na watsa ruwa (daidai ± 5%)
AI yana sarrafa nazarin hankali
Cibiyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi masu juyi suna gano nau'ikan ƙasa (daidai kashi 98%)
Tagwayen dijital suna kwaikwayon ƙaura mai gina jiki
5. Lamunin aikace-aikacen da aka saba amfani da su: Aikin kare ƙasa baƙar fata a Arewa maso Gabashin China
Cibiyar sa ido:
Saitin na'urori masu auna firikwensin 100,000 sun mamaye kadada miliyan 5 na gonaki
An kafa wani rumbun adana bayanai na 3D na "danshi, haihuwa da kuma ƙanƙantarsa" a cikin ƙasa mai tsawon santimita 0-50
Manufar kariya:
Idan kwayoyin halitta sun kai kashi 3%, to lallai ne a zurfafa zurfafan bambaro
Yawan ƙasa da ya wuce 1.35g/cm³ yana haifar da aikin lalata ƙasa
Sakamakon aiwatarwa:
Yawan asarar ƙasa mai launin baƙi ya ragu da kashi 76%
Matsakaicin yawan amfanin waken soya a kowace mu ya karu da kashi 21%
Ƙara yawan ajiyar carbon da tan 0.8/ha kowace shekara
Kammalawa
Daga "noman da aka yi amfani da shi" zuwa "noman bayanai," na'urorin auna ƙasa suna sake fasalin yadda mutane ke magana da ƙasa. Tare da haɗakar tsarin MEMS da fasahar Intanet na Abubuwa, sa ido kan ƙasa zai cimma nasarori a cikin ƙudurin sararin samaniya nanoscale da amsawar lokaci na mintuna a nan gaba. Don mayar da martani ga ƙalubale kamar tsaron abinci na duniya da lalacewar muhalli, waɗannan "masu tsaro marasa shiru" da aka binne za su ci gaba da samar da mahimman tallafin bayanai da haɓaka gudanarwa da sarrafa tsarin saman Duniya mai wayo.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-17-2025