Amfani da Nazari da Tasirin Na'urori Masu auna Radar na Doppler a Indonesia

Aikace-aikacen Nasara a Ceto Daga Bala'i

A matsayinta na ƙasar da ta fi kowacce girma a duniya da ke gefen Wutar Teku ta Pacific, Indonesia tana fuskantar barazanar girgizar ƙasa, tsunami, da sauran bala'o'i na halitta. Dabaru na bincike da ceto na gargajiya galibi ba sa yin tasiri a cikin yanayi masu rikitarwa kamar rugujewar gine-gine gaba ɗaya, inda fasahar gano radar mai tushen tasirin Doppler ke samar da mafita mai ƙirƙira. A shekarar 2022, wata ƙungiyar bincike ta haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Taiwan da Indonesia ta ƙirƙiro tsarin radar wanda zai iya gano numfashin waɗanda suka tsira ta bangon siminti, wanda ke wakiltar tsalle-tsalle a cikin ikon gano rai bayan bala'i.

Babban abin da fasahar ta kunsa shi ne haɗa radar Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) tare da ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafa sigina. Tsarin yana amfani da jerin ma'auni guda biyu masu daidaito don shawo kan tsangwama daga sigina: na farko yana kimantawa kuma yana rama ɓarnar da manyan cikas ke haifarwa, yayin da na biyu yana mai da hankali kan gano ƙananan motsin ƙirji (yawanci nisan santimita 0.5-1.5) daga numfashi zuwa gano wuraren da suka tsira. Gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje sun nuna ikon tsarin na shiga bangon siminti mai kauri santimita 40 da kuma gano numfashi har zuwa mita 3.28 a baya, tare da daidaiton matsayi a cikin ±3.375 cm - wanda ya fi kayan aikin gano rai na al'ada.

An tabbatar da ingancin aiki ta hanyar yanayin ceto da aka kwaikwayi. Tare da masu sa kai huɗu da aka sanya a bayan bangon siminti mai kauri daban-daban, tsarin ya gano siginar numfashi na duk waɗanda aka gwada, yana kiyaye ingantaccen aiki koda a ƙarƙashin yanayin bango mafi ƙalubale na santimita 40. Wannan hanyar rashin hulɗa da juna ta kawar da buƙatar masu ceto su shiga yankuna masu haɗari, wanda hakan ke rage haɗarin rauni na biyu sosai. Ba kamar hanyoyin sauti na gargajiya, infrared ko na gani ba, radar Doppler tana aiki ba tare da duhu, hayaki ko hayaniya ba, wanda ke ba da damar yin aiki awanni 24 a rana a lokacin muhimmin tagar ceto na "sa'o'i 72 na zinare".

Tebur: Kwatanta Aiki na Fasahar Gano Rayuwa Mai Shiga Cikin Hannu

Ƙimar kirkire-kirkire ta tsarin ta wuce ƙa'idodin fasaha zuwa ga iya amfani da ita a aikace. Gabaɗaya na'urar ta ƙunshi sassa uku kawai: na'urar radar FMCW, ƙaramin na'urar kwamfuta, da batirin lithium 12V - duk suna ƙasa da kilogiram 10 don ɗaukar mai aiki ɗaya. Wannan ƙirar mai sauƙi ta dace da yanayin ƙasa na ƙasar Indonesiya da yanayin kayayyakin more rayuwa da suka lalace. Shirye-shiryen haɗa fasahar da jiragen sama marasa matuƙa da dandamalin robotic za su ƙara faɗaɗa isa ga yankunan da ba za a iya isa ba.

Daga mahangar al'umma, na'urar gano rai ta hanyar shiga cikin gida za ta iya inganta karfin mayar da martani ga bala'i a Indonesia sosai. A lokacin girgizar kasa ta Palu da tsunami ta 2018, hanyoyin gargajiya sun nuna rashin inganci a cikin tarkacen siminti, wanda hakan ya haifar da asarar rayuka da za a iya hanawa. Yaduwar wannan fasahar za ta iya inganta yawan gano wadanda suka tsira da kashi 30-50% a cikin irin wannan bala'i, wanda hakan zai iya ceton daruruwan ko dubban rayuka. Kamar yadda Farfesa Aloyius Adya Pramudita na Jami'ar Telkom ta Indonesia ya jaddada, babban burin fasahar ya yi daidai da dabarun rage asarar rayuka na Hukumar Kula da Bala'i ta Kasa (BNPB): "rage asarar rayuka da hanzarta murmurewa."

Ana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin kasuwanci, inda masu bincike ke haɗin gwiwa da abokan hulɗar masana'antu don canza samfurin dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa kayan aikin ceto masu ƙarfi. Idan aka yi la'akari da ayyukan girgizar ƙasa da ke faruwa a Indonesia akai-akai (matsakaicin girgizar ƙasa sama da 5,000 a kowace shekara), fasahar za ta iya zama kayan aiki na yau da kullun ga BNPB da hukumomin bala'i na yanki. Ƙungiyar binciken ta kiyasta cewa za a fara aikin a cikin shekaru biyu, tare da hasashen farashin sassan zai ragu daga samfurin $15,000 na yanzu zuwa ƙasa da $5,000 a sikelin - wanda hakan zai sa gwamnatocin ƙananan hukumomi a duk faɗin larduna 34 na Indonesia su sami damar yin amfani da shi.

Aikace-aikacen Gudanar da Sufuri Mai Wayo

Cinkoson ababen hawa na birnin Jakarta (wanda aka sanya shi a matsayi na 7 mafi muni a duniya) ya haifar da sabbin aikace-aikacen radar Doppler a cikin tsarin sufuri mai wayo. Shirin birnin na "Smart City 4.0" ya kunshi na'urori masu auna radar sama da 800 a mahadar hanyoyi masu mahimmanci, wanda ya cimma:

• Rage cunkoson ababen hawa na tsawon sa'o'i 30 ta hanyar sarrafa siginar daidaitawa
• An samu ci gaba 12% a matsakaicin saurin abin hawa (daga 18 zuwa 20.2 km/h)
• Ragewar daƙiƙa 45 a matsakaicin lokacin jira a mahadar gwaji

Tsarin yana amfani da ingantaccen aikin radar Doppler na 24GHz a cikin ruwan sama mai zafi (sauƙaƙan gano kashi 99% idan aka kwatanta da kashi 85% ga kyamarori a lokacin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi) don bin diddigin saurin abin hawa, yawan sawu, da tsawon layin a ainihin lokaci. Haɗa bayanai tare da Cibiyar Gudanar da Zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ta Jakarta yana ba da damar daidaita lokutan sigina mai ƙarfi kowane minti 2-5 bisa ga ainihin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa maimakon jadawalin da aka tsara.

Nazarin Lamarin: Inganta Hanyar Gatot Subroto Road

• An sanya na'urori masu auna radar guda 28 a tsawon kilomita 4.3
• Siginar daidaitawa ta rage lokacin tafiya daga mintuna 25 zuwa 18
• Fitar da iskar CO₂ ta ragu da tan 1.2 a kowace rana
• An gano ƙarancin keta dokokin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa 35% ta hanyar aiwatar da aiki ta atomatik

Kula da Ruwan Sha don Rigakafin Ambaliyar Ruwa

Tsarin gargaɗin farko na ambaliyar ruwa na Indonesiya ya haɗa fasahar radar Doppler a cikin manyan kwaruruka 18 na koguna. Aikin kwarin kogin Ciliwung ya nuna wannan aikace-aikacen:

• Tashoshin radar guda 12 suna auna saurin saman kowane minti 5
• Haɗe da na'urori masu auna matakin ruwa na ultrasonic don lissafin fitarwa
• Bayanan da aka watsa ta hanyar GSM/LoRaWAN zuwa samfuran hasashen ambaliyar ruwa na tsakiya
• An tsawaita lokacin bayar da gargaɗi daga awanni 2 zuwa 6 a Babban Jakarta

Ma'aunin rashin hulɗa da radar ɗin yana da matuƙar amfani musamman a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa inda mitoci na yau da kullun suka lalace. Shigarwa a kan gadoji yana hana haɗarin shiga cikin ruwa yayin da yake ba da kulawa akai-akai ba tare da lalata ƙasa ba.

Kare Dazuzzuka da Kare Namun Daji

A cikin tsarin Leuser na Sumatra (mazaunin ƙarshe na orangutans na Sumatran), radar Doppler tana taimakawa wajen:

1. Sa ido kan hana farautar namun daji

• Radar 60GHz tana gano motsin ɗan adam ta hanyar ganye mai yawa
• Yana bambanta masu farauta daga dabbobi da daidaito kashi 92%
• Yana rufe radius na kilomita 5 a kowace na'ura (idan aka kwatanta da mita 500 don kyamarorin infrared)

2. Kula da Canopy

• Radar mai raƙuman milimita tana bin diddigin tsarin juyawar bishiyoyi
• Yana gano ayyukan sare bishiyoyi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a ainihin lokaci
• Ya rage yawan yin rajistar da ba a ba da izini ba da kashi 43% a yankunan gwaji

Rashin amfani da wutar lantarki na tsarin (15W/firikwensin) yana ba da damar aiki ta amfani da hasken rana a wurare masu nisa, yana aika faɗakarwa ta hanyar tauraron dan adam lokacin da ake gano ayyukan da ake zargi.

Kalubale da Umarni na Gaba

Duk da kyakkyawan sakamako, amfani da shi ya fi yawa yana fuskantar cikas da dama na aiwatarwa:

1. Iyakokin Fasaha

• Danshi mai yawa (>80% RH) na iya rage yawan siginar mita
• Muhalli mai yawa na birane yana haifar da tsangwama tsakanin hanyoyi daban-daban
• Ƙwarewar fasaha ta gida mai iyaka don kulawa

2. Abubuwan Tattalin Arziki

• Kudaden firikwensin na yanzu ($3,000-$8,000/raka'a) suna ƙalubalantar kasafin kuɗin gida
• Lissafin ROI ba a fayyace ba ga ƙananan hukumomi masu ƙarancin kuɗi
• Dogaro da masu samar da kayayyaki na ƙasashen waje don manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa

3. Matsalolin Cibiya

• Raba bayanai tsakanin hukumomi ya kasance matsala
• Rashin daidaitattun ka'idoji don haɗa bayanai na radar
• Jinkirin ƙa'idoji a rarraba bakan

Mafita masu tasowa sun haɗa da:

• Haɓaka tsarin 77GHz mai jure zafi
• Kafa wuraren tarukan jama'a don rage farashi
• Ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen canja wurin ilimi na gwamnati-makarantu-masana'antu
• Aiwatar da dabarun aiwatarwa a matakai-mataki, farawa da yankunan da ke da tasiri sosai

Aikace-aikacen da za a yi nan gaba sun haɗa da:

• Cibiyoyin radar masu amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuka don tantance bala'i
• Tsarin gano zaftarewar ƙasa ta atomatik
• Sa ido kan yankin kamun kifi mai wayo don hana kamun kifi da yawa
• Bin diddigin zaizayar ƙasa tare da daidaiton raƙuman milimita

Tare da ingantaccen zuba jari da tallafin manufofi, fasahar radar Doppler za ta iya zama ginshiƙin sauyin dijital na Indonesia, tana ƙara juriya a duk faɗin tsibiran ta 17,000 yayin da take ƙirƙirar sabbin damarmakin aikin yi na zamani a cikin gida. Kwarewar Indonesia ta nuna yadda za a iya daidaita fasahar ji ta zamani don magance ƙalubalen ƙasashe masu tasowa idan aka aiwatar da su tare da dabarun wurin da suka dace.

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