Tare da saurin haɓaka fasahohi irin su Intanet na Abubuwa da hankali na wucin gadi, na'urori masu auna iskar gas, wani muhimmin na'urar ganowa da aka sani da “hanyoyi biyar na lantarki”, suna karɓar damar ci gaban da ba a taɓa gani ba. Daga farkon saka idanu na masana'antu mai guba da gas masu cutarwa zuwa aikace-aikacensa mai fa'ida a cikin bincike na likita, gida mai kaifin baki, kula da muhalli da sauran fannoni a yau, fasahar firikwensin gas yana fuskantar babban canji daga aiki ɗaya zuwa hankali, ƙaramin ƙarfi da haɓaka da yawa. Wannan labarin zai yi nazari dalla-dalla game da halayen fasaha, ci gaban bincike na baya-bayan nan da matsayin aikace-aikacen na'urori masu auna iskar gas a duniya, tare da mai da hankali kan yanayin ci gaba a fannin sa ido kan iskar gas a kasashe irin su Sin da Amurka.
Halayen fasaha da haɓaka haɓaka na firikwensin gas
A matsayin mai canzawa wanda ke canza juzu'in juzu'in iskar gas zuwa daidai siginar lantarki, firikwensin gas ɗin ya zama wani abu mai mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci a cikin fasahar ji na zamani. Irin wannan nau'in kayan aiki yana aiwatar da samfuran iskar gas ta hanyar shugabannin ganowa, yawanci ya haɗa da matakai kamar tace ƙazanta da iskar gas mai shiga tsakani, bushewa ko magani na sanyi, da kuma canza bayanan tattara iskar gas zuwa siginonin lantarki masu iya aunawa. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan na'urori masu auna firikwensin gas a kasuwa, gami da nau'in semiconductor, nau'in electrochemical, nau'in konewa na catalytic, firikwensin gas na infrared da na'urori masu auna firikwensin gas (PID), da dai sauransu. Kowannen su yana da halaye na kansa kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a fagen gwajin farar hula, masana'antu da muhalli.
Kwanciyar hankali da azanci sune manyan alamomi guda biyu don kimanta aikin firikwensin gas. Natsuwa yana nufin dagewar ainihin martanin na'urar firikwensin a duk tsawon lokacin aikin sa, wanda ya dogara da ƙwanƙwasa sifili da tazarar tazara. Da kyau, don ingantattun na'urori masu auna firikwensin a ƙarƙashin ci gaba da yanayin aiki, ɗigon sifili na shekara-shekara yakamata ya zama ƙasa da 10%. Hankali yana nufin rabon canji a cikin firikwensin firikwensin zuwa canjin shigarwar da aka auna. Hankalin nau'ikan na'urori masu auna firikwensin ya bambanta sosai, galibi ya danganta da ka'idodin fasaha da zaɓin kayan da suke ɗauka. Bugu da ƙari, zaɓi (watau giciye-hankali) da juriya na lalata su ma mahimman sigogi ne don kimanta aikin na'urori masu auna iskar gas. Tsohon yana ƙayyade ikon firikwensin firikwensin a cikin mahalli mai gauraye, yayin da na ƙarshen yana da alaƙa da juriyar na'urar firikwensin a cikin iskar gas mai dumbin yawa.
Haɓaka fasahar firikwensin iskar gas na yanzu yana gabatar da abubuwa da yawa a bayyane. Da farko dai, bincike da haɓaka sabbin kayayyaki da sabbin matakai sun ci gaba da zurfafawa. Na gargajiya karfe oxide kayan semiconductor kamar ZnO, SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, da dai sauransu sun zama balagagge. Masu bincike suna yin doping, gyare-gyare da gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren abubuwan da ke da iskar gas ta hanyar hanyoyin gyare-gyaren sinadarai, da kuma inganta tsarin samar da fina-finai a lokaci guda don haɓaka kwanciyar hankali da zaɓin na'urori masu auna firikwensin. A halin yanzu, haɓaka sabbin abubuwa kamar haɗaɗɗun kayan haɗin gwiwa da matasan semiconductor gas-m kayan da polymer gas-m kayan ana kuma samun ci gaba sosai. Waɗannan kayan suna nuna mafi girman hankali, zaɓi da kwanciyar hankali ga iskar gas daban-daban.
Hankalin na'urori masu auna firikwensin wani muhimmin alkiblar ci gaba ne. Tare da nasarar aikace-aikacen sabbin fasahohin kayan abu kamar nanotechnology da fasahar fim na bakin ciki, na'urori masu auna iskar gas suna ƙara haɗawa da hankali. Ta hanyar cikakken amfani da fasahar haɗaɗɗiyar ladabtarwa kamar ƙananan injina da fasahar microelectronics, fasahar kwamfuta, fasahar sarrafa sigina, fasahar firikwensin, da fasahar gano kuskure, masu bincike suna haɓaka na'urori masu auna iskar gas na dijital gabaɗaya masu iya sa ido a lokaci guda. Wani nau'in na'ura mai yuwuwar juriya na nau'in firikwensin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) mai karfin juriya na haɓaka daga ƙungiyar bincike na Farfesa Yi Jianxin daga Cibiyar Maɓalli ta Jiha na Kimiyyar Wuta a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta kasar Sin ita ce ainihin wakilcin wannan yanayin. Wannan firikwensin yana gane gano nau'i-nau'i uku da ingantacciyar gano iskar gas da halayen wuta ta na'ura guda 59.
Arrayization da haɓaka algorithm suma suna samun ƙarin kulawa. Saboda matsalar mayar da martani mai faɗi na firikwensin gas guda ɗaya, yana da saurin tsangwama lokacin da iskar gas da yawa ke wanzuwa lokaci guda. Yin amfani da na'urori masu auna iskar gas da yawa don samar da tsararru ya zama ingantaccen bayani don inganta iya ganewa. Ta hanyar haɓaka girman iskar gas ɗin da aka gano, ƙirar firikwensin na iya samun ƙarin sigina, wanda ke da amfani don kimanta ƙarin sigogi da haɓaka ikon yanke hukunci da ganewa. Koyaya, yayin da adadin na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ke cikin jeri ya ƙaru, rikitaccen aikin sarrafa bayanai shima yana ƙaruwa. Sabili da haka, haɓakar tsararrun firikwensin yana da mahimmanci musamman. A cikin haɓaka tsararru, hanyoyin kamar haɗin kai da bincike na tari ana amfani da su ko'ina, yayin da algorithms gano iskar gas kamar Nazari na Farko (PCA) da Cibiyar Sadarwar Jijiya ta wucin gadi (ANN) sun haɓaka ikon gano na'urori masu auna firikwensin.
Tebur: Kwatancen Ayyuka na Babban Nau'in Na'urori na Gas
Nau'in firikwensin, ƙa'idar aiki, fa'idodi da rashin amfani, tsawon rayuwa
Semiconductor-nau'in gas adsorption yana da ƙarancin farashi a canza juriya na semiconductor, amsa mai sauri, zaɓi mara kyau, kuma zafin jiki da zafi yana shafar shekaru 2-3.
Electrochemical gas yana jure halayen REDOX don samar da halin yanzu, wanda ke da zaɓi mai kyau da ƙwarewa mai girma. Duk da haka, electrolyte yana da iyakacin lalacewa da tsawon rayuwa na shekaru 1-2 (na ruwa electrolyte).
Nau'in konewa na catalytic konewar iskar gas yana haifar da canje-canjen yanayin zafi. An ƙera shi musamman don gano iskar gas mai ƙonewa kuma ana amfani da shi ne kawai ga iskar gas na kusan shekaru uku
Gas ɗin infrared suna da daidaito sosai wajen ɗaukar hasken infrared na takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa, ba sa haifar da guba, amma suna da tsada mai tsada da girma mai girma na shekaru 5 zuwa 10.
Photoionization (PID) ultraviolet photoionization don gano kwayoyin gas na VOCs yana da babban hankali kuma ba zai iya bambanta nau'ikan mahadi na shekaru 3 zuwa 5 ba.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa kodayake fasahar firikwensin iskar gas ta sami ci gaba sosai, har yanzu tana fuskantar wasu ƙalubale na gama gari. Tsawon rayuwar na'urori masu auna firikwensin yana taƙaita aikace-aikacen su a wasu fagage. Misali, tsawon rayuwar na'urori masu auna firikwensin ya kai kusan shekaru 2 zuwa 3, na na'urori masu auna iskar gas na lantarki kusan shekaru 1 zuwa 2 ne sakamakon asarar electrolyte, yayin da na'urorin firikwensin lantarki na lantarki mai ƙarfi na iya kaiwa shekaru 5. Bugu da kari, al'amurran da suka shafi ɓata lokaci (canje-canje a cikin amsawar firikwensin a kan lokaci) da kuma batutuwa masu daidaituwa (bambance-bambancen aiki tsakanin na'urori masu auna firikwensin a cikin tsari ɗaya) suma mahimman abubuwan da ke taƙaita aikace-aikacen firikwensin gas. Dangane da wadannan batutuwa, masu bincike, a gefe guda, sun himmatu wajen inganta kayan da ke da iskar gas da hanyoyin masana'antu, kuma a gefe guda, suna ramawa ko danne tasirin firikwensin firikwensin akan sakamakon ma'auni ta hanyar haɓaka algorithms masu sarrafa bayanai na ci gaba.
Daban-daban yanayin aikace-aikacen firikwensin gas
Fasahar firikwensin iskar gas ta mamaye kowane fanni na rayuwar jama'a. Yanayin aikace-aikacen sa sun daɗe da wuce iyakar kiyaye amincin masana'antu na gargajiya kuma suna haɓaka cikin sauri zuwa fannoni da yawa kamar kiwon lafiya, kula da muhalli, gida mai wayo, da amincin abinci. Wannan yanayin na aikace-aikace iri-iri ba wai kawai yana nuna yuwuwar da ci gaban fasaha ke kawowa ba amma kuma ya ƙunshi haɓakar buƙatar gano iskar gas.
Amincin masana'antu da sa ido kan iskar gas mai haɗari
A fannin amincin masana'antu, na'urori masu auna iskar gas suna taka rawar da ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba, musamman a masana'antu masu haɗari kamar injiniyan sinadarai, man fetur, da ma'adinai. Shirin "shirin shekaru biyar na kasar Sin na shekaru 14 don samar da ma'adanai masu hadari" a fili yana bukatar wuraren shakatawa na masana'antun sinadarai don kafa tsarin sa ido da gargadin gaggawa game da iskar gas mai guba da cutarwa, da kuma inganta gina hanyoyin dakile hadarin. Shirin "Tsarin Ayyukan Tsaro na Aiki na Masana'antu" kuma yana ƙarfafa wuraren shakatawa don tura Intanet na abubuwan firikwensin da dandamali na bincike na AI don cimma sa ido na ainihi da kuma daidaitawar amsa ga haɗari kamar zubar da iskar gas. Waɗannan jagororin manufofin sun haɓaka aikace-aikacen firikwensin gas a fagen amincin masana'antu.
Tsarin kula da iskar gas na masana'antu na zamani sun haɓaka hanyoyin fasaha iri-iri. Fasahar hoton gajimare na iskar gas tana hango ɗigon iskar gas ta hanyar gabatar da iskar gas a gani azaman canje-canje a matakan pixel launin toka a cikin hoton. Ƙarfin gano shi yana da alaƙa da abubuwa kamar tattarawa da ƙarar iskar gas ɗin da aka ɗora, bambancin yanayin zafi na baya, da kuma nisan sa ido. Fasahar infrared spectroscopy ta Fourier tana iya sa ido akan nau'ikan iskar gas sama da 500 da suka haɗa da inorganic, Organic, mai guba da masu cutarwa, kuma suna iya bincika nau'ikan iskar gas guda 30 a lokaci guda. Ya dace da hadaddun buƙatun saka idanu na iskar gas a wuraren shakatawa na masana'antar sinadarai. Waɗannan fasahohin ci-gaba, idan aka haɗa su da na'urori masu auna iskar gas na gargajiya, suna samar da cibiyar sa ido kan amincin gas na masana'antu da yawa.
A takamaiman matakin aiwatarwa, tsarin kula da iskar gas na masana'antu yana buƙatar bin jerin ka'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa. Sin's "Design Standard for Detection and Alarm of Flammable and Toxic Gases in Petrochemical Industry" GB 50493-2019 and "General Technical Specification for Safety Safety of Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals" AQ 3035-2010 samar da fasaha bayani dalla-dalla ga masana'antu iskar gas saka idanu 26. A duniya, OSHAfety jerin samar da iskar Gas na kiwon lafiya na Amurka. ka'idodin ganowa, buƙatar gano iskar gas kafin ayyukan sararin samaniya da aka tsare da kuma tabbatar da cewa ƙaddamar da iskar gas mai cutarwa a cikin iska yana ƙasa da matakin aminci na 610. Ka'idodin NFPA (Ƙungiyar Kare Wuta ta Ƙasar Amurka), kamar NFPA 72 da NFPA 54, sun gabatar da takamaiman buƙatu don gano iskar gas mai ƙonewa da gas mai guba 610.
Kiwon lafiya da cututtukan cututtuka
Filin likitanci da kiwon lafiya yana zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kasuwannin aikace-aikacen don firikwensin gas. Gas ɗin da aka fitar na jikin ɗan adam ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da yanayin lafiya. Ta hanyar gano waɗannan alamomin halittu, ana iya samun nasarar yin gwajin farko da ci gaba da lura da cututtuka. Na'urar gano acetone na numfashi mai hannu wanda ƙungiyar Dr. Wang Di daga Cibiyar Bincike ta Super Perception Laboratory Zhejiang ta kirkira ita ce ainihin wakilin wannan aikace-aikacen. Wannan na'urar tana amfani da hanyar fasaha mai launi don auna abun ciki na acetone a cikin numfashin ɗan adam ta hanyar gano canjin launi na kayan da ke da iskar gas, ta yadda ake samun saurin gano nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 mara raɗaɗi.
Lokacin da matakin insulin a jikin ɗan adam ya yi ƙasa, ba zai iya juyar da glucose zuwa makamashi ba a maimakon haka yana rushe mai. A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin samfuran bayan faɗuwar mai, ana fitar da acetone daga jiki ta hanyar numfashi. Dokta Wang Di ya bayyana 1. Idan aka kwatanta da gwaje-gwajen jini na gargajiya, wannan hanyar gwajin numfashi tana ba da mafi kyawun ganowa da ƙwarewar warkewa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyar tana haɓaka firikwensin acetone na facin "sakin yau da kullun". Wannan na'urar sawa mai rahusa na iya auna iskar acetone da ke fitowa daga fata kai tsaye. A nan gaba, idan aka haɗe shi da fasaha na fasaha na wucin gadi, zai iya taimakawa wajen gano ganewar asali, kulawa da jagorancin magunguna na ciwon sukari.
Baya ga ciwon sukari, na'urori masu auna iskar gas kuma suna nuna babbar dama wajen kula da cututtuka masu tsanani da kuma lura da cututtukan numfashi. Ƙwararren ƙwayar carbon dioxide shine muhimmin tushe don yin la'akari da yanayin iska na huhu na huhu na marasa lafiya, yayin da ma'auni na wasu alamomin iskar gas ke nuna yanayin ci gaban cututtuka na yau da kullum. A al'adance, fassarar waɗannan bayanan na buƙatar haɗin gwiwar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya. Duk da haka, tare da ƙarfafa fasahar fasaha na wucin gadi, na'urori masu auna iskar gas ba kawai za su iya gano iskar gas da zana lankwasa ba, amma kuma suna ƙayyade girman ci gaban cututtuka, yana rage matsa lamba ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya.
A fagen na'urori masu sawa lafiya, aikace-aikacen na'urori masu auna iskar gas har yanzu yana kan matakin farko, amma tsammanin yana da faɗi. Masu bincike daga Zhuhai Gree Electric Appliances sun yi nuni da cewa, ko da yake na'urorin gida sun bambanta da na'urorin likitanci masu aikin gano cututtuka, a fannin kula da lafiyar gida na yau da kullum, na'urorin firikwensin iskar gas suna da fa'ida kamar ƙananan farashi, rashin cin zarafi da ƙaranci, wanda hakan ya sa ana sa ran za su ƙara fitowa a cikin kayan aikin gida kamar na'urorin kula da baki da na'urorin kula da bayan gida a matsayin mafita na ainihi. Tare da karuwar bukatar lafiyar gida, lura da yanayin lafiyar ɗan adam ta hanyar kayan aikin gida zai zama muhimmiyar alkibla don haɓaka gidaje masu wayo.
Kulawa da muhalli da rigakafin gurbatar yanayi da sarrafawa
Kula da muhalli yana ɗaya daga cikin filayen da aka fi amfani da na'urori masu auna iskar gas. Yayin da ake ci gaba da yin la'akari da kariyar muhalli a duniya, bukatuwar sa ido kan gurbacewar yanayi daban-daban kuma na karuwa kowace rana. Na'urori masu auna iskar gas na iya gano iskar gas mai cutarwa kamar carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide da ozone, samar da ingantaccen kayan aiki don lura da ingancin iska.
UGT-E4 na'urar firikwensin iskar gas na Kamfanin Gas Shield na Biritaniya samfuri ne na wakilci a fagen sa ido kan muhalli. Yana iya auna daidai abin da ke cikin gurɓataccen yanayi a cikin yanayi da kuma samar da ingantaccen tallafi na bayanai akan sashe na kare muhalli. Wannan firikwensin, ta hanyar haɗin kai tare da fasahar bayanai na zamani, ya sami ayyuka kamar sa ido na nesa, loda bayanai, da ƙararrawa mai hankali, yana haɓaka inganci da sauƙi na gano iskar gas. Masu amfani za su iya lura da sauye-sauyen tattara iskar gas a kowane lokaci kuma a ko'ina kawai ta hanyar wayoyin hannu ko kwamfutoci, samar da tushen kimiyya don sarrafa muhalli da tsara manufofi.
Dangane da lura da ingancin iska na cikin gida, na'urorin gas suma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ma'auni na EN 45544 wanda kwamitin Turai don daidaitawa (EN) ya bayar musamman don gwajin ingancin iska na cikin gida kuma yana rufe buƙatun gwaji don iskar gas daban-daban masu cutarwa 610. Na'urar firikwensin carbon dioxide na yau da kullun, firikwensin formaldehyde, da sauransu a cikin kasuwa ana amfani da su sosai a cikin wuraren zama na jama'a, gine-ginen kasuwanci da wuraren nishaɗin jama'a, suna taimaka wa mutane ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi koshin lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a cikin gida. Musamman a lokacin cutar ta COVID-19, samun iska na cikin gida da ingancin iska sun sami kulawar da ba a taɓa gani ba, suna ƙara haɓaka haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen fasahar firikwensin da ke da alaƙa.
Sa ido kan fitar da iskar carbon shine jagorar aikace-aikacen da ke fitowa na firikwensin gas. Dangane da yanayin tsaka tsaki na carbon na duniya, daidaitaccen sa ido kan iskar gas kamar carbon dioxide ya zama mahimmanci. Infrared carbon dioxide na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna da fa'ida ta musamman a cikin wannan filin saboda girman daidaitattun su, zaɓi mai kyau da kuma tsawon rayuwar sabis. "Sharuɗɗa don Gina Tsarin Kula da Hatsarin Tsaro na Hankali a cikin wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu na sinadarai" a kasar Sin ya jera binciken sa ido kan iskar iskar gas mai guba da mai guba a matsayin abubuwan da ke cikin gini na tilas, wanda ke nuna fifikon matakin manufofin kan rawar da ake sa ido kan iskar gas a fannin kiyaye muhalli.
Gidan Smart da Tsaron Abinci
Gidan Smart shine mafi kyawun kasuwar aikace-aikacen mabukaci don firikwensin gas. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da na'urori masu auna iskar gas a cikin kayan aikin gida kamar na'urorin tsabtace iska da sabbin na'urorin sanyaya iska. Koyaya, tare da gabatar da tsarin firikwensin firikwensin da algorithms masu hankali, ana amfani da yuwuwar aikace-aikacen su a cikin yanayi kamar adanawa, dafa abinci, da lura da lafiya a hankali.
Dangane da tanadin abinci, na'urori masu auna iskar gas na iya sa ido kan kamshin da abinci ke fitarwa yayin ajiya don tantance sabon abincin. Sakamakon bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa ko an yi amfani da firikwensin guda ɗaya don saka idanu kan yawan wari ko na'urar firikwensin iskar gas hade da hanyoyin tantance ƙirar don tantance sabo da abinci, an sami sakamako mai kyau. Koyaya, saboda rikitarwa na ainihin yanayin amfani da firiji (kamar tsangwama daga masu amfani da budewa da rufe kofofin, farawa da dakatar da compressors, da yanayin iska na ciki, da dai sauransu), da kuma tasirin juna na iskar gas iri-iri daga abubuwan abinci, har yanzu akwai sauran damar inganta daidaiton ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abinci.
Aikace-aikacen dafa abinci wani muhimmin labari ne ga firikwensin gas. Akwai ɗaruruwan mahaɗan gaseous da aka samar yayin aikin dafa abinci, waɗanda suka haɗa da ɓangarorin halitta, alkanes, mahadi masu ƙamshi, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, alkenes da sauran mahadi masu canzawa. A cikin irin wannan mahalli mai sarƙaƙƙiya, tsararrun firikwensin gas suna nuna fa'idodi da yawa fiye da na'urori masu auna firikwensin guda ɗaya. Nazarin ya nuna cewa ana iya amfani da na'urorin firikwensin iskar gas don tantance matsayin dafa abinci bisa ɗanɗano na mutum, ko azaman kayan aikin sa ido na abinci na abinci don ba da rahoton halayen dafa abinci akai-akai ga masu amfani. Koyaya, abubuwan muhallin dafa abinci kamar yanayin zafi mai zafi, tururin dafa abinci da tururin ruwa na iya haifar da firikwensin zuwa “guba” cikin sauƙi, wanda matsala ce ta fasaha da ke buƙatar warwarewa.
A fagen kare lafiyar abinci, binciken ƙungiyar Wang Di ya nuna yuwuwar ƙimar aikace-aikacen na'urori masu auna iskar gas. Suna nufin manufar "gano iskar gas da yawa a lokaci guda tare da ƙaramar toshe wayar hannu", kuma sun himmatu wajen samar da bayanan amincin abinci cikin sauƙi. Wannan na'ura mai haɗe-haɗe na kayan kamshi na iya gano abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi a cikin abinci, tantance sabo da amincin abinci, da samar da nassoshi na ainihi ga masu siye.
Tebur: Babban Abubuwan Ganewa da halayen fasaha na firikwensin gas a fannonin aikace-aikace daban-daban
Filayen aikace-aikacen, manyan abubuwan ganowa, nau'ikan firikwensin da aka saba amfani da su, ƙalubalen fasaha, yanayin haɓakawa
Amintaccen iskar gas mai ƙonewa, nau'in konewar iskar gas mai guba, nau'in electrochemical, matsananciyar juriyar yanayi mai haɗaɗɗiyar iskar gas mai daidaitawa, gano tushen ɗigogi
Likita da lafiya acetone, CO₂, VOCs nau'in semiconductor, nau'in zaɓi na launi da hankali, sawa da ganewar asali.
Aiwatar da grid kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci da watsa bayanai na ainihi don kula da muhalli na gurɓataccen iska da iskar gas a cikin infrared da nau'ikan sinadaran lantarki.
Abincin gida mai wayo mai jujjuya iskar gas, nau'in hayaki na dafa abinci, ikon hana tsangwama na PID
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Lokacin aikawa: Juni-11-2025