Shuohao Cai, ɗalibi mai digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar ƙasa, ya sanya sandar firikwensin tare da sitika mai aiki da yawa wanda ke ba da damar aunawa a zurfin ƙasa daban-daban a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison Hancock.
MADISON — Injiniyoyin Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison sun ƙirƙiro na'urori masu rahusa waɗanda za su iya samar da sa ido akai-akai kan nitrate a cikin nau'ikan ƙasa na Wisconsin. Waɗannan na'urori masu auna sigina na lantarki da aka buga za su iya taimaka wa manoma su yanke shawara mai zurfi game da sarrafa abinci mai gina jiki da kuma samun fa'idodin tattalin arziki.
"Na'urorin auna zafin jiki namu na iya bai wa manoma fahimtar yanayin abinci mai gina jiki na ƙasarsu da kuma adadin nitrate da ake da shi ga shuke-shukensu, wanda hakan zai taimaka musu su yanke shawara kan ainihin adadin takin da suke buƙata," in ji Joseph Andrews, mataimakin farfesa a Jami'ar Harvard. Makarantar Injiniyan Injiniya ta Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison ce ta jagoranci binciken. "Idan za su iya rage yawan takin da suke saya, tanadin da za a yi zai iya zama mai mahimmanci ga manyan gonaki."
Nitrates muhimmin sinadari ne ga ci gaban amfanin gona, amma yawan nitrates na iya fitowa daga ƙasa ta shiga cikin ruwan ƙasa. Wannan nau'in gurɓatawa yana da illa ga mutanen da ke shan ruwan rijiya mai gurɓatawa kuma yana da illa ga muhalli. Sabuwar na'urar firikwensin masu binciken za a iya amfani da ita a matsayin kayan aikin binciken noma don sa ido kan fitar da nitrate da kuma taimakawa wajen haɓaka mafi kyawun hanyoyin rage tasirinsa mai cutarwa.
Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a yanzu don sa ido kan sinadarin nitrate na ƙasa suna da matuƙar wahala, suna da tsada, kuma ba sa bayar da bayanai na ainihin lokaci. Shi ya sa ƙwararren mai buga kayan lantarki Andrews da tawagarsa suka himmatu wajen ƙirƙirar mafita mafi kyau da rahusa.
A cikin wannan aikin, masu binciken sun yi amfani da tsarin buga inkjet don ƙirƙirar firikwensin potentiometric, wani nau'in firikwensin electrochemical siriri. Sau da yawa ana amfani da firikwensin Potentiometric don auna nitrate daidai a cikin ruwan da ke cikin mafita. Duk da haka, waɗannan firikwensin gabaɗaya ba su dace da amfani da su a cikin yanayin ƙasa ba saboda manyan ƙwayoyin ƙasa na iya karce firikwensin kuma su hana ma'auni daidai.
"Babban ƙalubalen da muke ƙoƙarin magancewa shine nemo hanyar da za a sa waɗannan na'urori masu auna lantarki su yi aiki yadda ya kamata a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na ƙasa da kuma gano ions na nitrate daidai," in ji Andrews.
Maganin da ƙungiyar ta bayar shine sanya wani Layer na polyvinylidene fluoride a kan na'urar firikwensin. A cewar Andrews, wannan kayan yana da manyan halaye guda biyu. Na farko, yana da ƙananan ramuka, kimanin nanometer 400 a girmansa, wanda ke ba da damar ions na nitrate su ratsa yayin da suke toshe ƙwayoyin ƙasa. Na biyu, yana da hydrophilic, wato, yana jan ruwa kuma yana sha kamar soso.
"Don haka duk wani ruwa mai wadataccen nitrate zai fi kyau ya shiga na'urorin auna haskenmu, wanda hakan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci domin ƙasa ma kamar soso ce kuma za ku rasa yaƙin da ake yi dangane da danshi da ke shiga na'urar auna hasken idan ba za ku iya samun irin wannan shaƙar ruwa ba. Ƙarfin ƙasa," in ji Andrews. "Waɗannan halayen layin fluoride na polyvinylidene suna ba mu damar fitar da ruwan da ke da wadataccen nitrate, mu kai shi saman na'urar auna hasken sannan mu gano nitrate daidai."
Masu binciken sun yi cikakken bayani game da ci gaban da suka samu a cikin wata takarda da aka buga a watan Maris na 2024 a cikin mujallar Advanced Materials Technology.
Tawagar ta gwada na'urorin auna firikwensin su a kan nau'ikan ƙasa guda biyu daban-daban da ke da alaƙa da Wisconsin—ƙasa mai yashi, wadda aka saba gani a sassan arewa maso tsakiyar jihar, da kuma ƙasa mai laushi, wadda aka saba gani a kudu maso yammacin Wisconsin—kuma ta gano cewa na'urorin auna firikwensin sun samar da sakamako mai kyau.
Masu binciken yanzu suna haɗa na'urar auna nitrate ɗinsu zuwa tsarin na'urori masu aiki da yawa waɗanda suke kira "sitika mai auna firikwensin," inda ake ɗora nau'ikan na'urori masu auna firikwensin guda uku daban-daban a kan saman filastik mai sassauƙa ta amfani da manne mai goyan baya. Sitika kuma suna ɗauke da na'urori masu auna danshi da zafin jiki.
Masu bincike za su haɗa wasu sitika masu ji a jikin wani ginshiƙi, su sanya su a tsayi daban-daban, sannan su binne ginshiƙin a cikin ƙasa. Wannan tsari ya ba su damar aunawa a zurfin ƙasa daban-daban.
"Ta hanyar auna nitrates, danshi da zafin jiki a zurfin daban-daban, yanzu za mu iya tantance tsarin fitar da nitrates da kuma fahimtar yadda nitrate ke ratsa ƙasa, wanda ba zai yiwu ba a da," in ji Andrews.
A lokacin bazara na shekarar 2024, masu binciken suna shirin sanya sandunan na'urori masu auna firikwensin guda 30 a cikin ƙasa a Tashar Binciken Noma ta Hancock da Tashar Binciken Noma ta Arlington da ke Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison don ƙara gwada na'urar.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-09-2024