Sabbin Aikace-aikace da Ayyukan Injinan Tsaftace Faifan Photovoltaic a Saudiyya

A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da ke da albarkatun makamashin rana mafi yawa a duniya, Saudiyya tana haɓaka masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana don haɓaka sauye-sauyen tsarin makamashi. Duk da haka, yawan guguwar yashi a yankunan hamada yana haifar da tarin ƙura mai yawa a saman bangarorin PV, wanda hakan ke rage yawan samar da wutar lantarki - babban abin da ke hana fa'idodin tattalin arziki na tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana. Wannan labarin yana nazarin yanayin aikace-aikacen yanzu na injunan tsaftace allon PV a Saudiyya, yana mai da hankali kan yadda hanyoyin tsaftacewa masu wayo da kamfanonin fasaha na China suka haɓaka ke magance ƙalubalen yanayin hamada mai tsanani. Ta hanyar nazarin shari'o'i da yawa, yana nuna fa'idodin fasaha da fa'idodin tattalin arziki. Daga gabar tekun Bahar Maliya zuwa birnin NEOM, da kuma daga tsararrun PV na gargajiya zuwa tsarin bin diddigi, waɗannan na'urorin tsaftacewa masu wayo suna sake fasalin samfuran gyaran PV na Saudiyya tare da babban inganci, fasalulluka masu adana ruwa, da iyawar sarrafa kansa, yayin da suke samar da dabarun fasaha masu kwafi don haɓaka makamashi mai sabuntawa a duk faɗin Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Kalubalen Kura da Bukatun Tsaftacewa a Masana'antar Wutar Lantarki ta Saudiyya

Saudiyya tana da albarkatun makamashin rana na musamman, inda hasken rana ya wuce 3,000 a kowace shekara, kuma ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na ka'ida ya kai TWh 2,200 a kowace shekara, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin yankuna mafi kyau a duniya don haɓaka wutar lantarki. Bisa ga dabarun "Vision 2030" na ƙasa, Saudiyya tana hanzarta tura makamashin da take sabuntawa, tana mai da hankali kan 58.7 GW na ƙarfin sabuntawa nan da shekarar 2030, inda wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ta zama mafi yawan hannun jari. Duk da haka, yayin da babban yankin hamada na Saudiyya ke ba da isasshen sarari ga tsire-tsire masu amfani da hasken rana, tana kuma gabatar da ƙalubale na musamman na aiki - tarin ƙura wanda ke haifar da asarar inganci.

Bincike ya nuna cewa a wasu sassan Larabawa, bangarorin PV na iya rasa kashi 0.4–0.8% na wutar lantarki ta yau da kullun saboda gurɓatar ƙura, tare da asarar da ke iya wuce kashi 60% a lokacin guguwar yashi mai tsanani. Wannan raguwar inganci yana shafar ribar tattalin arziki na masana'antun PV, wanda hakan ya sa tsaftace sassan ya zama babban ɓangare na kula da PV na hamada. Kura tana shafar sassan PV ta hanyoyi uku na farko: na farko, ƙwayoyin ƙura suna toshe hasken rana, suna rage shan photon ta ƙwayoyin hasken rana; na biyu, yadudduka ƙura suna samar da shingen zafi, suna ƙara yanayin zafi da kuma rage ingancin juyawa; kuma na uku, sassan lalata a cikin wasu ƙura na iya haifar da lalacewa na dogon lokaci ga saman gilashi da firam ɗin ƙarfe.

Yanayin yanayi na musamman na Saudiyya ya ƙara wa wannan matsala ƙarfi. Yankin bakin teku na Tekun Bahar Maliya a yammacin Saudiyya ba wai kawai yana fuskantar ƙura mai nauyi ba, har ma da iska mai yawan gishiri, wanda ke haifar da gaurayen ƙurar gishiri mai mannewa a saman sassan. Yankin gabas yana fuskantar guguwar yashi akai-akai wanda zai iya zubar da ƙurar ƙura mai kauri a kan bangarorin PV cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, Saudiyya tana fama da ƙarancin ruwa mai yawa, inda kashi 70% na ruwan sha ke dogara da tace gishiri, wanda hakan ya sa hanyoyin wanke hannu na gargajiya suka yi tsada kuma ba za su dawwama ba. Waɗannan abubuwan suna haifar da buƙatar gaggawa don maganin tsaftace PV mai sarrafa kansa da ruwa.

Tebur: Kwatanta Halayen Gurɓatar da Bangaren PV a Yankunan Saudiyya daban-daban

Don magance wannan matsalar masana'antu, kasuwar PV ta Saudiyya tana canzawa daga tsaftace hannu zuwa tsaftacewa ta atomatik mai wayo. Hanyoyin gargajiya na hannu suna nuna iyakoki bayyanannu a Saudiyya: a gefe guda, wuraren hamada masu nisa suna sa farashin aiki ya yi yawa; a gefe guda kuma, ƙarancin ruwa yana hana amfani da babban adadin wanke-wanke mai ƙarfi. Kiyasi ya nuna cewa a cikin masana'antu masu nisa, farashin tsaftacewa da hannu zai iya kaiwa dala $12,000 a kowace MW kowace shekara, tare da yawan amfani da ruwa ya saba wa dabarun kiyaye ruwan Saudiyya. Akasin haka, robot masu tsaftacewa ta atomatik suna nuna fa'idodi masu yawa, suna adana sama da kashi 90% na kuɗin aiki yayin da suke inganta amfani da ruwa ta hanyar daidaita yawan tsaftacewa da ƙarfi.

Gwamnatin Saudiyya da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun fahimci muhimmancin fasahar tsaftacewa mai wayo, suna ƙarfafa hanyoyin magance matsalar ta atomatik a cikin Shirin Makamashi Mai Sabuntawa na Ƙasa (NREP). Wannan alkiblar manufofin ta hanzarta ɗaukar robots masu tsaftacewa a kasuwannin PV na Saudiyya. Kamfanonin fasahar China, tare da samfuransu masu girma da kuma ƙwarewar aikace-aikacen hamada, sun zama manyan masu samar da kayayyaki a kasuwar tsaftace PV na Saudiyya. Misali, Renoglean Technology, abokin hulɗar yanayin ƙasa na Sungrow, ya sami sama da GW 13 na odar robot masu tsaftacewa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda ya zama jagora a kasuwa a Saudiyya don hanyoyin magance matsalar tsaftacewa mai wayo.

Daga mahangar ci gaban fasaha, kasuwar tsaftace PV ta Saudiyya tana nuna yanayi uku bayyanannu: na farko, juyin halitta daga tsaftacewar aiki ɗaya zuwa ayyukan da aka haɗa, tare da robots da ke ƙara haɗa damar dubawa da gano wurare masu zafi; na biyu, sauyawa daga mafita da aka shigo da su zuwa daidaitawa na gida, tare da samfuran da aka keɓance don yanayin Saudiyya; da na uku, ci gaba daga aiki kai tsaye zuwa haɗin gwiwar tsarin, haɗa kai sosai tare da tsarin bin diddigi da dandamalin O&M masu wayo. Waɗannan halaye tare suna haɓaka kula da PV na Saudiyya zuwa ci gaba mai wayo da inganci, suna ba da tabbacin fasaha don cimma burin makamashi mai sabuntawa a ƙarƙashin "Vision 2030."

Siffofin Fasaha da Tsarin Tsarin Robots na Tsaftace PV

Robot masu wayo na PV, a matsayin mafita ta fasaha ga muhallin hamada na Saudiyya, suna haɗa sabbin abubuwa a fannin injiniyan injiniya, kimiyyar kayan aiki, da fasahar IoT. Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin tsaftacewa na gargajiya, tsarin robot na zamani yana nuna fa'idodi masu mahimmanci na fasaha, tare da ƙirar asali da ke juyawa game da manufofi huɗu: ingantaccen cire ƙura, kiyaye ruwa, sarrafa hankali, da aminci. A ƙarƙashin yanayin hamada mai tsanani na Saudiyya, waɗannan fasalulluka suna da matuƙar muhimmanci, suna shafar farashin gyara na dogon lokaci da kuɗin samar da wutar lantarki.

Daga mahangar injiniya, robot masu tsaftacewa don kasuwar Saudiyya galibi suna cikin rukuni biyu: waɗanda aka ɗora a kan layin dogo da kuma waɗanda aka tura kai. Robot masu hawa jirgin ƙasa galibi ana sanya su ne a kan tallafin jerin PV, suna cimma cikakken rufe saman ta hanyar layukan dogo ko tsarin kebul - wanda ya dace da manyan tsire-tsire da aka ɗora a ƙasa. Robot masu hawa kansu suna ba da ƙarin motsi, wanda ya dace da rarraba PV na rufin ko ƙasa mai rikitarwa. Ga kayayyaki biyu na fuska da tsarin bin diddigi da ake amfani da su sosai a Saudiyya, manyan masana'antun kamar Renoglean sun ƙirƙiro robot na musamman waɗanda ke da "fasahar gadoji" ta musamman wacce ke ba da damar daidaitawa mai ƙarfi tsakanin tsarin tsaftacewa da hanyoyin bin diddigi, suna tabbatar da ingantaccen tsaftacewa koda lokacin da layukan suka daidaita kusurwoyi.

Babban sassan hanyoyin tsaftacewa sun haɗa da burushi masu juyawa, na'urorin cire ƙura, tsarin tuƙi, da na'urorin sarrafawa. Bukatun kasuwar Saudiyya sun haifar da ci gaba da ƙirƙira a waɗannan sassan: gashin goge mai laushi da carbon-fiber mai haɗaka yana cire ƙurar gishiri mai mannewa ba tare da goge saman module ba; bearings masu shafawa da kansu da injinan da aka rufe suna tabbatar da aminci na dogon lokaci a cikin yanayin yashi; injinan hura iska masu ƙarfi da aka haɗa suna magance datti mai taurin kai yayin da suke rage amfani da ruwa. Samfurin PR200 na Renoglean har ma yana da tsarin buroshi mai "tsaftacewa da kansa" wanda ke cire ƙurar da ta tara ta atomatik yayin aiki, yana kiyaye aikin tsaftacewa akai-akai.

• Cire Kura Mai Inganci: Ingancin tsaftacewa > 99.5%, saurin aiki mita 15-20/minti
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• Daidaita Muhalli: Matsakaicin zafin aiki -30°C zuwa 70°C, ƙimar kariyar IP68
• Tsarin Ajiye Ruwa: Ainihin tsaftacewar busasshe, ƙarancin hazo na ruwa, ta amfani da ƙasa da kashi 10% na ruwan tsaftacewa da hannu
• Babban Dacewa: Yana dacewa da kayan aiki na mono/bifacial, masu bin diddigin axis guda ɗaya, da tsarin hawa daban-daban

Tsarin tuƙi da wutar lantarki suna ba da ingantaccen aiki. Hasken rana mai yawa a Saudiyya yana ba da yanayi mai kyau ga robot masu tsaftacewa masu amfani da hasken rana. Yawancin samfuran suna amfani da tsarin wutar lantarki biyu waɗanda ke haɗa bangarorin PV masu inganci tare da batirin lithium, suna tabbatar da aiki a ranakun gajimare. Musamman ma, don magance matsanancin zafi na lokacin rani, manyan masana'antun sun ƙirƙiro tsarin sarrafa zafi na musamman na batir ta amfani da kayan canjin lokaci da sanyaya mai aiki don kiyaye yanayin zafi mai aminci, wanda ke ƙara tsawon rayuwar batir. Ga injinan tuƙi, injinan DC marasa gogewa (BLDC) ana fifita su saboda ingantaccen aiki da ƙarancin kulawa, suna aiki tare da masu rage daidaito don samar da isasshen jan hankali akan ƙasa mai yashi.

Tsarin sarrafawa mai hankali yana aiki a matsayin "kwakwalwar" robot kuma yana wakiltar bambance-bambancen fasaha mafi bambanta. Robot na tsaftacewa na zamani yawanci suna da na'urori masu auna muhalli da yawa waɗanda ke sa ido kan tarin ƙura, yanayin yanayi, da zafin jiki a ainihin lokaci. Algorithms na AI suna daidaita dabarun tsaftacewa bisa ga wannan bayanan, suna canzawa daga lokacin da aka tsara zuwa tsaftacewa akan buƙata. Misali, ƙarfafa tsaftacewa kafin guguwar yashi yayin da ake tsawaita tazara bayan ruwan sama. "Tsarin Kula da Sadarwar Cloud" na Renoglean kuma yana goyan bayan haɗin gwiwar robot-robot da yawa na matakin shuka, yana guje wa katsewar samar da wutar lantarki mara amfani daga ayyukan tsaftacewa. Waɗannan fasalulluka masu hankali suna ba wa robot-robot damar kiyaye ingantaccen aiki duk da yanayin da Saudiyya ke canzawa.

An kuma inganta tsarin hanyar sadarwa don sadarwa da sarrafa bayanai don yanayin Saudiyya. Ganin cewa wurare masu nisa na hamadar PV da yawa na manyan masana'antun PV suna da ƙarancin kayayyakin more rayuwa, tsarin robot na tsaftacewa yana amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta haɗin gwiwa: gajeriyar hanyar ta hanyar LoRa ko Zigbee raga, dogon zango ta hanyar 4G/tauraron dan adam. Don tsaron bayanai, tsarin yana tallafawa ajiyar bayanai da aka ɓoye a cikin gida da madadin girgije, yana bin ƙa'idodin bayanai masu tsauri na Saudiyya. Masu aiki za su iya sa ido kan duk robot a ainihin lokaci ta hanyar manhajojin wayar hannu ko dandamalin yanar gizo, karɓar faɗakarwa game da kurakurai, da kuma daidaita sigogi daga nesa - yana inganta ingantaccen gudanarwa sosai.

Don ƙirar dorewa, an inganta robot ɗin tsaftacewa musamman daga zaɓin abu zuwa maganin saman ƙasa don yanayin zafi mai yawa, danshi mai yawa, da kuma yawan gishiri a Saudiyya. Firam ɗin ƙarfe na aluminum suna fuskantar anodization, masu haɗin gwiwa masu mahimmanci suna amfani da bakin ƙarfe don tsayayya da tsatsa na gishirin bakin teku na Tekun Ja; duk kayan lantarki suna cika ƙa'idodin kariyar masana'antu tare da kyakkyawan rufewa daga kutsewar yashi; hanyoyin roba ko tayoyi da aka ƙera musamman suna kiyaye laushi a cikin matsanancin zafi, suna hana tsufa na abu daga canjin zafin hamada. Waɗannan ƙira suna ba wa robot ɗin tsaftacewa damar cimma matsakaicin lokaci tsakanin gazawa (MTBF) fiye da awanni 10,000 a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na Saudiyya, wanda ke rage farashin gyaran zagayowar rayuwa sosai.

Nasarar amfani da robot masu tsaftace PV a Saudiyya ya dogara ne akan tsarin sabis na gida. Manyan masana'antun kamar Renoglean sun kafa rumbunan adana kayan gyara da cibiyoyin horar da fasaha a Saudiyya, suna haɓaka ƙungiyoyin kula da kayan gida don amsawa cikin sauri. Don daidaita al'adun Saudiyya, hanyoyin sadarwa da takardu suna samuwa a cikin Larabci, tare da jadawalin kulawa da aka inganta don bukukuwan Musulunci. Wannan dabarar wurin zama mai zurfi ba wai kawai tana ƙara gamsuwar abokan ciniki ba har ma tana shimfida harsashi mai ƙarfi don ci gaba da faɗaɗa fasahar tsaftacewa ta China a kasuwannin Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Tare da ci gaba a fannin AI da IoT, robots na tsaftace PV suna canzawa daga kayan aikin tsaftacewa masu sauƙi zuwa na'urorin O&M masu wayo. Sabbin samfuran yanzu suna haɗa kayan aikin bincike kamar kyamarorin daukar hoto na zafi da na'urorin daukar hoto na IV, suna yin binciken lafiyar sassan yayin tsaftacewa; algorithms na koyon injin suna nazarin bayanan tsaftacewa na dogon lokaci don hango yanayin tarin ƙura da lalacewar aikin module. Waɗannan ayyuka masu tsawo suna ɗaga rawar da robots na tsaftacewa ke takawa a masana'antar PV ta Saudiyya, suna canza su a hankali daga cibiyoyin farashi zuwa masu ƙirƙirar ƙima waɗanda ke ba da ƙarin riba ga masu zuba jari a masana'antar.

Akwatin Aikace-aikacen Tsaftacewa Mai Hankali a Kamfanin PV na Red Sea Coastal

Aikin PV na Red Sea mai karfin MW 400, a matsayin wani babban kamfanin samar da hasken rana a Saudi Arabia, ya fuskanci kalubalen da suka shafi yawan gishiri da danshi a yankin, wanda hakan ya zama wani muhimmin lamari ga fasahar tsaftacewa ta kasar Sin mai wayo a Saudi Arabia. Kamfanin ACWA Power ne ya samar da wannan aikin, kuma muhimmin bangare ne na shirye-shiryen makamashi mai sabuntawa na "Vision 2030" na Saudiyya. Wurin da yake aiki yana da yanayi na musamman na yanayi: matsakaicin yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara ya wuce 30°C, danshin da ya wuce kashi 60% akai-akai, kuma iska mai dauke da gishiri cikin sauki tana samar da harsashi mai tauri da ƙurar gishiri a kan bangarorin PV - yanayi inda hanyoyin tsaftacewa na gargajiya ba su da tasiri kuma suna da tsada.

Magance waɗannan ƙalubalen, aikin ya ɗauki maganin tsaftacewa na musamman na Renoglean bisa ga robot ɗin tsaftacewa na PV na jerin PR, wanda ya haɗa da sabbin fasahohi da yawa musamman don yanayin da ke da gishiri mai yawa: firam ɗin ƙarfe mai jure tsatsa da bearings masu rufewa suna hana lalacewar gishiri ga mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa; zare na goga da aka yi wa magani musamman suna guje wa shaƙar barbashi na gishiri da gurɓatawa na biyu yayin tsaftacewa; tsarin sarrafawa ya ƙara na'urori masu auna danshi don daidaita ƙarfin tsaftacewa ta atomatik a ƙarƙashin zafi mai yawa don sakamako mafi kyau. Abin lura shi ne, robot ɗin tsaftacewa na aikin sun sami takardar shaidar hana tsatsa mafi girma a duniya a masana'antar PV, wacce ke wakiltar mafi kyawun maganin tsaftacewa na Gabas ta Tsakiya a lokacin.

Tsarin tsaftace aikin Red Sea ya nuna kyakkyawan daidaitawar injiniya. Tushen bakin teku mai laushi ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa a wasu wuraren hawa, wanda ya haifar da karkacewar layin dogo har zuwa ± 15 cm. Ƙungiyar fasaha ta Renoglean ta ƙirƙiro tsarin dakatarwa mai daidaitawa wanda ke ba da damar robots na tsaftacewa su yi aiki cikin sauƙi a cikin waɗannan bambance-bambancen tsayi, don tabbatar da cewa rufin tsaftacewa bai shafi ƙasa ba. Tsarin ya kuma ɗauki ƙira na zamani, tare da na'urorin robot guda ɗaya waɗanda suka rufe sassan jeri na kimanin mita 100 - na'urorin za su iya aiki da kansu ko daidaitawa ta hanyar sarrafawa ta tsakiya don ingantaccen sarrafa dukkan tsire-tsire. Wannan tsarin mai sassauƙa ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗawa a nan gaba, yana ba da damar ƙarfin tsarin tsaftacewa ya girma tare da ƙarfin shuka.

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