Tasirin saurin ruwa akan balaga da kuma ƙarfin antioxidant a cikin ciyawar ciyawa ta manya (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Aikin injiniyan ruwa na muhalli yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye albarkatun kamun kifi. An san cewa saurin ruwa yana shafar haihuwar kifayen da ke samar da ƙwai masu yawo. Wannan binciken yana da nufin bincika tasirin ƙarfafa saurin ruwa akan balaga na ovary da ƙarfin antioxidant na ciyawar carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje don fahimtar tsarin ilimin halittar jiki wanda ke ƙarƙashin amsawar haifuwa ta halitta ga kwararar muhalli. Mun bincika histology, hormones na jima'i da yawan vitellogenin (VTG) na ovary, da kuma bayanan manyan kwayoyin halitta a cikin axis hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG), da kuma ayyukan antioxidant na ovary da hanta a cikin grass carp. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa kodayake babu wani bambanci da aka gani akan halayen ci gaban ovary na ciyawar carp a ƙarƙashin ƙarfafa saurin ruwa, estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20β-DHP), kuma yawan VTG ya ƙaru, wanda ke da alaƙa da daidaita rubutun kwayoyin halittar axis na HPG. Matakan bayyanar kwayoyin halitta (gnrh2, fshβ, lhβ, cgα, hsd20b, hsd17b3, da vtg) a cikin tsarin HPG sun ƙaru sosai a ƙarƙashin ƙarfafa saurin ruwa, yayin da aka danne na hsd3b1, cyp17a1, cyp19a1a, hsd17b1, star, da igf3. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfafa saurin ruwa mai dacewa zai iya haɓaka yanayin lafiyar jiki ta hanyar ƙara ayyukan enzymes masu hana ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ovary da hanta. Sakamakon wannan binciken yana ba da ilimin asali da tallafin bayanai don aikin muhalli na ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa da kuma dawo da muhallin kogi.
Gabatarwa
Madatsar Ruwa ta Uku (TGD), wacce take tsakiyar Kogin Yangtze, ita ce babbar aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a duniya kuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen amfani da kuma amfani da wutar lantarki ta kogin (Tang et al., 2016). Duk da haka, aikin TGD ba wai kawai yana canza hanyoyin ruwa na koguna ba ne, har ma yana barazana ga mazauna ruwa a sama da ƙasan wurin da madatsar ruwan ke, wanda hakan ke ba da gudummawa ga lalacewar yanayin halittu na kogin (Zhang et al., 2021). A takaice dai, tsarin madatsun ruwa yana daidaita hanyoyin kwararar koguna kuma yana raunana ko kuma yana kawar da kololuwar ambaliyar ruwa ta halitta, don haka yana haifar da raguwar ƙwai na kifi (She et al., 2023).
​Ayyukan haihuwar kifi na iya shafar yanayi daban-daban, ciki har da saurin ruwa, zafin ruwa, da iskar oxygen da aka narkar. Ta hanyar yin tasiri ga hadawar hormones da fitar da su, waɗannan abubuwan muhalli suna shafar ci gaban kifi (Liu et al., 2021). Musamman ma, an fahimci cewa saurin ruwa yana shafar haihuwar kifaye da ke isar da ƙwai a cikin koguna (Chen et al., 2021a). Domin rage tasirin ayyukan madatsun ruwa akan haihuwar kifi, ya zama dole a kafa takamaiman hanyoyin kula da muhalli don ƙarfafa haihuwar kifi (Wang et al., 2020).

Manyan kifayen China guda huɗu (FMCC), waɗanda suka haɗa da black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), da bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), waɗanda ke da matukar tasiri ga hanyoyin ruwa, suna wakiltar kifaye mafi mahimmanci a tattalin arziki a China. Yawan FMCC za su yi ƙaura zuwa wuraren haihuwa kuma su fara haihuwa saboda yawan kwararar ruwa daga Maris zuwa Yuni, yayin da ginawa da aikin TGD ke canza yanayin ruwa na halitta da kuma hana ƙaurar kifi (Zhang et al., 2023). Saboda haka, haɗa kwararar muhalli cikin tsarin aiki na TGD zai zama ma'auni don kare haihuwar FMCC. An nuna cewa aiwatar da ambaliyar ruwa da aka sarrafa ta hanyar ɗan adam a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin TGD yana haɓaka nasarar haihuwa na FMCC a yankunan da ke ƙasa (Xiao et al., 2022). Tun daga shekarar 2011, an shirya yunƙuri da dama don haɓaka halayen haihuwar FMCC domin rage raguwar FMCC daga Kogin Yangtze. An gano cewa saurin ruwa da ke haifar da haihuwar FMCC ya kasance daga 1.11 zuwa 1.49 m/s (Cao et al., 2022), tare da ingantaccen saurin kwarara na 1.31 m/s an gano don haihuwar FMCC a cikin koguna (Chen et al., 2021a). Duk da cewa saurin ruwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haifuwar FMCC, akwai ƙarancin bincike kan tsarin ilimin halittar jiki wanda ke ƙarƙashin amsawar haifuwa ta halitta ga kwararar muhalli.