Farfesa Boyd ya tattauna wani muhimmin canji mai haifar da damuwa wanda zai iya kashe ko haifar da rashin ci, jinkirin girma da kuma saurin kamuwa da cuta.
Sanannen abu ne a tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki cewa samar da kwayoyin abinci na halitta yana iyakance samar da shrimp da yawancin nau'in kifi a cikin tafkuna zuwa kusan kilo 500 a kowace kadada a kowace amfanin gona (kg/ha/ha/ amfanin gona). A cikin al'ada mai zurfi tare da abinci da aka ƙera da musayar ruwa na yau da kullum amma ba aeration ba, samarwa yawanci zai iya kaiwa 1,500-2,000 kg / ha / amfanin gona, amma a mafi yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa, yawan abincin da ake bukata yana haifar da babban haɗari na ƙananan ƙwayar DO. Don haka, narkar da iskar oxygen (DO) wani muhimmin canji ne a cikin haɓakar noman tafki.
Ana iya amfani da iskar injina don ƙara adadin shigar da abinci mai yuwuwa da ba da damar yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kowane doki a kowace hectare na iskar iska zai ba da damar ciyar da kusan kilogiram 10-12 / ha kowace rana ga yawancin nau'ikan al'adu. Samar da 10,000-12,000 kg/ha/ amfanin gona ba sabon abu bane tare da yawan iskar iska. Ko da mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa za a iya samu a cikin tafkunan da aka yi da filastik da tankuna masu yawan iskar iska.
Ba kasafai mutum ya ji labarin shakewa ko damuwa da ke da alaka da iskar oxygen wajen samar da kaji, aladu da shanu da ake kiwonsu da yawa, amma wadannan al’amura sun zama ruwan dare a harkar kiwo. Dalilin narkar da iskar oxygen yana da mahimmanci a cikin kifaye za a bayyana.
Iskar da ke kusa da doron kasa tana dauke da kashi 20.95 cikin dari na iskar oxygen, kashi 78.08 na nitrogen, da kuma kananan kaso na carbon dioxide da sauran iskar gas. Adadin iskar oxygen da ake buƙata don cika ruwa mai kyau a daidaitaccen yanayin yanayi (760 milliliters na mercury) da digiri 30-C shine 7.54 MG kowace lita (mg/L). Tabbas, a cikin rana lokacin da photosynthesis ke gudana, ruwan da ke cikin tafki yawanci ana cika shi da DO (nauyin zai iya zama 10 MG / L ko fiye a cikin ruwan saman), saboda samar da iskar oxygen ta hanyar photosynthesis ya fi asarar iskar oxygen ta hanyar numfashi da yadawa zuwa iska. Da dare lokacin da photosynthesis ya tsaya, narkar da iskar oxygen zai ragu - wani lokacin kasa da 3 MG / L ana ɗaukar mafi ƙarancin karɓa ga yawancin nau'ikan ruwa masu noma.
Dabbobin ƙasa suna shakar iska don samun iskar oxygen ta kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke shiga ta alveoli a cikin huhu. Kifi da jatan lande dole ne su zubar da ruwa a cikin gills don shayar da iskar oxygen ta kwayoyin su ta gill lamellae. Ƙoƙarin shaƙatawa ko zubar da ruwa ta hanyar gills na buƙatar kuzari daidai da nauyin iska ko ruwan da ke ciki.
Za a ƙididdige ma'aunin iska da ruwa waɗanda dole ne a shaƙa ko buɗa su don fallasa filayen numfashi zuwa 1.0 MG na iskar oxygen ta kwayoyin halitta. Domin iska shine kashi 20.95 na oxygen, kusan 4.8 MG na iska zai ƙunshi 1.0 MG oxygen.
A cikin wani kandami shrimp tare da ruwa dauke da 30 ppt salinity a 30 digiri-C (yawan ruwa = 1.0180 g / L) narkar da oxygen taro a jikewa tare da yanayi ne 6.39 mg / L. Adadin 0.156 L na ruwa zai ƙunshi 1.0 MG na oxygen, kuma zai auna gram 159 (159,000 MG). Wannan shine sau 33,125 mafi girma fiye da nauyin iska mai dauke da oxygen 1.0 MG.
Karin kuzarin da dabbobin ruwa ke kashewa
Dole ne shrimp ko kifi ya kashe makamashi mai yawa don samun adadin iskar oxygen fiye da na dabbar ƙasa. Matsalar ta zama mafi girma lokacin da narkar da iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa ya ragu saboda dole ne a zubar da ruwa mai yawa a fadin gills don fallasa su zuwa 1.0 MG oxygen.
Lokacin da dabbobin ƙasa ke cire iskar oxygen daga iska, oxygen ɗin yana dawowa cikin sauƙi, saboda iska tana kewayawa da yardar rai saboda ba ta da yawa fiye da ruwa, misali, yawan iska a digiri 25-C shine 1.18 g / L idan aka kwatanta da 995.65 g / L don ruwan sanyi a yanayin zafi guda. A cikin tsarin kifaye, narkar da iskar oxygen da kifaye ko shrimp ya cire dole ne a maye gurbinsa ta hanyar watsa iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa, kuma zagayawa na ruwa ya zama dole don matsar da narkar da iskar oxygen daga saman ruwa zuwa ginshiƙin ruwa don kifi ko zuwa ƙasa don shrimp. Ruwan ya fi iska nauyi kuma yana yawo a hankali fiye da iska, ko da lokacin da ake taimakawa wurare dabam dabam ta hanyar injina irin su aerators.
Ruwa yana riƙe da ƙananan adadin oxygen idan aka kwatanta da iska - a jikewa da 30 digiri-C, ruwa mai tsabta shine 0.000754 bisa dari oxygen (iska shine 20.95 bisa dari oxygen). Ko da yake iskar oxygen na kwayoyin halitta na iya shiga cikin sauri a saman saman ruwan ruwa, motsin iskar oxygen da aka narkar da shi a cikin duka ya dogara da adadin da iskar iskar oxygen da ke saman ta ke gauraya cikin ruwan ta hanyar convection. Babban kifi ko biomass na shrimp a cikin tafki na iya rage narkar da iskar oxygen da sauri.
Samar da iskar oxygen yana da wahala
Ana iya misalta wahalar samar da kifi ko shrimp tare da iskar oxygen kamar haka. Matsayin gwamnati yana ba da damar kusan mutane 4.7 a kowace murabba'in mita a abubuwan waje. A ce kowane mutum ya auna matsakaicin nauyin kilogiram 62 a duniya, to za a sami 2,914,000 kg/ha na kwayoyin halittun dan adam. Kifi da jatan lande yawanci suna da buƙatun iskar oxygen don numfashi a kusa da 300 MG oxygen / kg nauyin jiki a kowace awa. Wannan nauyin kifayen kifaye na iya rage iskar oxygen a cikin wani tafki mai tsayin cubic mita 10,000 wanda aka fara cika da iskar oxygen a digiri 30-C cikin kusan mintuna 5, kuma dabbobin al'ada za su shaƙa. Mutane dubu arba'in da bakwai a kowace kadada a wani taron waje ba za su fuskanci wata matsala ta numfashi ba bayan sa'o'i da yawa.
Narkar da iskar oxygen abu ne mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci saboda yana iya kashe dabbobin kiwo kai tsaye, amma na yau da kullun, ƙarancin narkar da iskar oxygen yana damuwa da dabbobin ruwa da ke haifar da rashin abinci, jinkirin girma da mafi saurin kamuwa da cuta.
Daidaita yawan dabbobi da abubuwan shigar da abinci
Ƙananan narkar da iskar oxygen kuma yana da alaƙa da faruwar ƙwayoyin metabolites masu guba a cikin ruwa. Wadannan gubobi sun hada da carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrite da sulfide. A matsayinka na gaba ɗaya, a cikin tafkuna inda ainihin halayen ingancin ruwa na tushen ruwa ya dace da kifaye da al'adun shrimp, matsalolin ingancin ruwa za su zama sabon abu idan dai an tabbatar da isasshen iskar oxygen. Wannan yana buƙatar daidaita safa da ƙimar ciyarwa tare da narkar da isashshen iskar oxygen ta hanyar maɓuɓɓuka na halitta ko kuma kamar yadda aka haɓaka da iska a cikin tsarin al'ada.
A cikin al'adun koren ruwa a cikin tafkuna, narkar da iskar oxygen ya fi mahimmanci da dare. Amma a cikin sabbin, ƙarin nau'ikan al'adu masu ƙarfi, buƙatar narkar da iskar oxygen yana da girma kuma narkar da iskar oxygen dole ne a ci gaba da kiyaye shi ta hanyar iskar injina.
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Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-30-2024