Wani sabon bincike ya bayyana yadda gurɓatattun abubuwa daga ayyukan ɗan adam ke shafar ikonsu na gano furanni
A kowace hanya mai cike da jama'a, ragowar hayakin mota yana rataye a sararin samaniya, daga cikinsu akwai nitrogen oxides da ozone. Waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa, waɗanda kuma cibiyoyin masana'antu da cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da yawa ke fitarwa, suna shawagi a sararin samaniya na tsawon sa'o'i zuwa shekaru. Masana kimiyya sun daɗe da sanin cewa waɗannan sinadarai suna da illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Amma yanzu, ƙarin shaidu sun nuna cewa waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa suna sa rayuwa ta yi wahala ga masu yin fure da tsire-tsire da ke dogara da su.
Nau'o'in gurɓatattun iska daban-daban suna amsawa da sinadarai da ke samar da ƙamshin fure, suna canza adadin da abun da ke cikin mahaɗan ta hanyar da ke hana ikon mai yin furen gano furanni. Baya ga neman alamun gani kamar siffar ko launin fure, kwari suna dogara ne akan "taswirar ƙamshi," haɗin ƙwayoyin ƙamshi na musamman ga kowane nau'in fure, don gano shukar da suke so. Ozone da nitrogen oxides na matakin ƙasa suna amsawa tare da ƙwayoyin ƙamshin fure, suna ƙirƙirar sabbin sinadarai waɗanda ke aiki daban-daban.
"Yana canza ƙamshin da ƙwaron ke nema," in ji Ben Langford, masanin kimiyyar yanayi na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu da Ruwa ta Burtaniya wanda ke bincike kan wannan batu.
Masu yin pollinators suna koyon danganta wani nau'in sinadarai na musamman da furen ke fitarwa da wannan nau'in na musamman da kuma ladan sukari da ke tattare da shi. Lokacin da waɗannan mahaɗan masu rauni suka haɗu da gurɓatattun abubuwa masu ƙarfi, halayen suna canza adadin ƙwayoyin ƙamshi na fure da kuma adadin kowane nau'in ƙwayoyin halitta, wanda hakan ke canza ƙamshin.
Masu bincike sun san cewa ozone yana kai hari ga wani nau'in haɗin carbon da aka samu a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙamshi na fure. A gefe guda kuma, nitrogen oxides ɗan abin mamaki ne, kuma har yanzu ba a fayyace ainihin yadda ƙwayoyin ƙamshi na fure ke amsawa da wannan nau'in mahaɗin ba. "Wannan taswirar wari yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga masu yin fure, musamman masu yin fure masu tashi," in ji James Ryalls, wani mai bincike a Jami'ar Reading. "Akwai wasu ƙudan zuma, misali, waɗanda za su iya ganin fure ne kawai lokacin da suke ƙasa da mita ɗaya daga furen, don haka wari yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare su don neman abinci."
Langford da sauran membobin tawagarsa sun fara fahimtar yadda sinadarin ozone ke canza siffar sinadarin ƙanshin fure. Sun yi amfani da ramin iska da na'urori masu auna sigina don auna tsarin gajimaren ƙanshin da furanni ke samarwa lokacin da suke fitar da ƙamshinsu na musamman. Daga nan sai masu binciken suka fitar da sinadarin ozone a wurare biyu, ɗaya daga cikinsu yayi kama da abin da Birtaniya ke fuskanta a lokacin bazara lokacin da matakan ozone suka yi yawa, a cikin ramin tare da ƙwayoyin ƙamshin fure. Sun gano cewa sinadarin ozone yana cinye gefunan sinadarin, yana rage faɗin da tsawonsa.
Masu bincike sun yi amfani da wata dabara ta zuma da aka sani da proboscis extension. Kamar karen Pavlov, wanda ke yin amai da ƙararrawa lokacin da aka ji kararrawa a lokacin cin abincin dare, ƙudan zuma za su miƙa wani ɓangare na bakinsu wanda ke aiki a matsayin bututun ciyarwa, wanda aka sani da proboscis, don mayar da martani ga warin da suke dangantawa da ladan sukari. Lokacin da masana kimiyya suka ba wa waɗannan ƙudan zuma ƙanshin, yawanci suna jin mita shida daga furen, sai suka fitar da proboscis ɗinsu da kashi 52 cikin ɗari na lokacin. Wannan ya ragu zuwa kashi 38 cikin ɗari na lokacin ga sinadarin ƙanshin da ke wakiltar ƙamshin mita 12 daga furen.
Duk da haka, lokacin da suka yi amfani da irin waɗannan canje-canje ga ƙamshin da zai faru a cikin wani wuri mai cike da iskar oxygen, ƙudan zuma suna amsawa da kashi 32 cikin ɗari ne kawai a maki shida na mita da kuma kashi 10 cikin ɗari na lokacin a maki 12. "Kuna ganin waɗannan raguwar da ke faruwa a cikin adadin ƙudan zuma da za su iya gane ƙamshin," in ji Langford.
Yawancin binciken da aka yi kan wannan batu an yi su ne a wuraren gwaje-gwaje, ba a gona ko wurin zama na kwari ba. Don magance wannan gibin ilimi, masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Reading sun kafa famfunan da ke tura hayakin ozone ko dizal zuwa sassan gonar alkama. Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a cikin zoben iska mai tsawon ƙafa 26 suna taimaka wa masu bincike su tantance tasirin gurɓatar iska akan nau'ikan masu yin pollinating daban-daban.
Wata ƙungiyar masu bincike ta sa ido kan tarin tsire-tsire na mustard a filayen don ziyartar masu yin fure. Wasu ɗakunan suna da hayakin dizal da aka tura a matakan da suka fi ƙasa da ƙa'idodin ingancin iska na EPA. A waɗannan wuraren, an sami raguwar ikon kwari na nemo furanni da suke dogara da su don abinci da kashi 90 cikin ɗari. Bugu da ƙari, tsire-tsire na mustard da aka yi amfani da su a cikin binciken, duk da cewa furanni ne masu yin fure da kansu, sun fuskanci raguwar kashi 31 cikin ɗari a wasu matakan haɓaka iri, wataƙila sakamakon raguwar fure daga gurɓataccen iska.
Waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa masu yin furen kwari suna fuskantar ƙalubale na musamman saboda matakan gurɓatar iska a yanzu. Amma idan aka yi aiki tare da wasu ƙalubalen da waɗannan kwari ke fuskanta, gurɓatar iska na iya haifar da matsaloli a cikin
Za mu iya samar da na'urori masu auna iskar gas iri-iri
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-08-2024