Wani sabon bincike ya bayyana yadda gurɓatattun ayyukan ɗan adam ke shafar ikonsu na gano furanni
A kan kowace hanya mai cike da cunkoso, ragowar hayakin mota suna rataye a iska, daga cikinsu akwai nitrogen oxides da ozone. Wadannan gurbatattun, wadanda suma masana'antu da masana'antu da yawa ke fitar da su, suna shawagi a cikin iska na sa'o'i zuwa shekaru. Masana kimiyya sun dade da sanin cewa wadannan sinadarai na da illa ga lafiyar dan Adam. Amma a yanzu, yawan shaidun da ke nuna cewa waɗannan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu kuma suna sa rayuwa ta yi wahala ga masu ba da pollin kwari da tsire-tsire da suka dogara da su.
Daban-daban nau'ikan gurɓataccen iska suna amsawa da sinadarai waɗanda ke samar da ƙamshin fure, suna canza adadin da abun da ke cikin mahadi ta hanyar da zai hana mai pollinator damar gano furanni. Baya ga neman abubuwan gani kamar siffar fure ko launin fure, kwari suna dogara ne da “taswira,” hade da kwayoyin wari na musamman ga kowane nau'in furanni, don gano tsiron da suke so. Ozone-matakin ƙasa da nitrogen oxides suna amsawa tare da kwayoyin ƙamshi na fure, suna ƙirƙirar sabbin sinadarai waɗanda ke aiki daban.
"Yana canza kamshin da kwari ke nema," in ji Ben Langford, masanin kimiyyar yanayi na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu da Hydrology ta Burtaniya wanda ke binciken wannan batu.
Pollinators suna koyon danganta da sunadarai na musamman waɗanda furannin fure tare da wannan nau'in nau'ikan kuma lada na farfado. Lokacin da waɗannan mahadi masu rauni suka shiga hulɗa da gurɓataccen raɗaɗi mai ƙarfi, halayen suna canza adadin ƙwayoyin ƙamshi na fure da kuma adadin dangi na kowane nau'in kwayoyin halitta, suna canza ƙamshin asali.
Masu bincike sun san cewa ozone yana kai hari ga nau'in haɗin carbon da aka samu a cikin kwayoyin kamshin fure. A gefe guda kuma, nitrogen oxides wani ɗan ban mamaki ne, kuma har yanzu ba a fayyace ainihin yadda ƙwayoyin kamshin fure suke amsawa da irin wannan sinadari ba. "Wannan taswirar wari na da matukar mahimmanci ga masu yin pollin, musamman masu yin pollinators masu tashi sama," in ji James Ryalls, wani jami'in bincike a Jami'ar Karatu. "Akwai wasu bumblebees, alal misali, waɗanda ke iya ganin fure kawai lokacin da suke ƙasa da mita ɗaya daga furen, don haka wari yana da mahimmanci a gare su don yin kiwo."
Langford da sauran membobin tawagarsa sun tashi don fahimtar yadda ainihin ozone ke canza kamannin kamshin fure. Sun yi amfani da ramin iska da na'urori masu auna sigina don auna tsarin girgijen da furanni ke haifarwa lokacin da suke fitar da kamshin sa hannu. Daga nan ne masu binciken suka fitar da ozone a wurare biyu, daya daga cikinsu yayi kama da abin da Burtaniya ke fuskanta a lokacin bazara lokacin da matakan ozone ya fi girma, a cikin rami tare da kwayoyin kamshi na fure. Sun gano cewa ozone yana cinye gefuna na plume, yana rage faɗi da tsayi.
Daga nan masu bincike suka yi amfani da reflex na zumar zuma da aka sani da proboscis tsawo. Kamar kare Pavlov, wanda zai yi salivate a lokacin karar kararrawa na abincin dare, honeybees za su mika wani bangare na bakinsu wanda ke aiki a matsayin bututun ciyarwa, wanda aka sani da proboscis, don amsa warin da suke haɗuwa da ladan sukari. Lokacin da masana kimiyya suka gabatar da waɗannan ƙudan zuma da ƙamshi, yawanci za su ji mita shida daga furen, sun ci gaba da fitar da proboscis kashi 52 na lokaci. Wannan ya ragu zuwa kashi 38 cikin ɗari na lokacin ƙamshi wanda ke wakiltar ƙamshin mita 12 daga furen.
Duk da haka, lokacin da suka yi amfani da irin wannan canje-canje ga ƙamshin da zai faru a cikin wani nau'i mai laushi da ozone ya lalata, kudan zuma kawai sun amsa kashi 32 cikin dari na lokaci a alamar mita shida da kashi 10 na lokaci a alamar mita 12. Langford ya ce "Kuna ganin wadannan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin adadin kudan zuma da za su iya gane warin."
Yawancin bincike akan wannan batu an yi su ne a cikin saitunan dakin gwaje-gwaje, ba a cikin filin ko wurin zama na kwari ba. Don magance wannan gibin ilimi, masana kimiyya a Jami’ar Karatu sun kafa famfunan ruwa da ke tura iskar ozone ko dizal zuwa sassan gonar alkama. Gwaje-gwajen da aka kafa a cikin zoben bude iska mai ƙafa 26 na taimaka wa masu bincike su tantance illar gurɓacewar iska a kan nau'ikan pollinators daban-daban.
Tawagar masu bincike sun sanya ido kan nau'ikan tsire-tsire na mastad a cikin filaye don ziyarar pollinator. Wasu dakunan sun sami fitar da iskar dizal a matakan da ke ƙasa da ma'aunin ingancin iska na EPA. A cikin waɗancan rukunin yanar gizon, an sami raguwar ikon kwari zuwa kashi 90 na gano furannin da suke dogaro da su don abinci. Bugu da ƙari, tsire-tsiren mastad da aka yi amfani da su a cikin binciken, duk da kasancewar furanni masu yin pollin da kansu, sun sami raguwa har zuwa kashi 31 cikin 100 na wasu matakan ci gaban iri su ma, mai yiwuwa sakamakon raguwar pollination daga gurɓataccen iska.
Wadannan binciken sun nuna cewa masu kada kwari su kansu suna fuskantar kalubale na musamman saboda yawan gurbacewar iska a halin yanzu. Amma yayin aiki tare da sauran ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar waɗannan kwari, gurɓataccen iska na iya haifar da matsala a ciki
Za mu iya samar da na'urori masu auna firikwensin don auna yawan iskar gas
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-08-2024