Tare da karuwar tasirin sauyin yanayi a duniya kan noman noma, manoma a Afirka ta Kudu suna yunƙurin neman sabbin fasahohi don fuskantar ƙalubale. Yaduwar fasahar firikwensin ƙasa a sassa da dama na Afirka ta Kudu ya zama wani muhimmin mataki na samar da ingantaccen aikin noma a masana'antar noma ta ƙasar.
Tashin aikin noma daidai gwargwado
Madaidaicin noma hanya ce da ke amfani da fasahar bayanai da nazarin bayanai don inganta noman amfanin gona. Ta hanyar lura da yanayin ƙasa a ainihin lokacin, manoma za su iya sarrafa filayensu a kimiyyance, ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa da rage sharar ƙasa. Sashen noma na Afirka ta Kudu ya yi hadin gwiwa da kamfanonin fasaha da dama don tura dubunnan na'urori masu auna kasa a gonaki a fadin kasar.
Yadda na'urori na ƙasa ke aiki
Waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna cikin ƙasa kuma suna iya saka idanu akan mahimman alamomi kamar danshi, zafin jiki, abun ciki na gina jiki da ƙarancin wutar lantarki a ainihin lokacin. Ana watsa bayanan ba tare da waya ba zuwa wani dandali na tushen girgije inda manoma za su iya samun damar yin amfani da su ta wayoyin hannu ko kwamfutoci da samun shawarwarin noma na musamman.
Misali, lokacin da na'urori masu auna firikwensin suka gano cewa danshin kasa yana kasa da wani kofa, tsarin yana fadakar da manoma ta atomatik don ban ruwa. Hakazalika, idan ƙasa ba ta da isassun abubuwan gina jiki kamar nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium, tsarin ya shawarci manoma da su yi amfani da adadin taki daidai gwargwado. Wannan ingantacciyar hanyar sarrafa ba kawai tana inganta haɓakar haɓakar amfanin gona ba, har ma tana rage barnar ruwa, taki da sauran albarkatu.
Ainihin kudin shiga na manoma
A wata gona a lardin Gabashin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu, manomi John Mbelele ya shafe watanni yana amfani da na'urori masu auna kasa. "A da, dole ne mu dogara da kwarewa da kuma hanyoyin gargajiya don yin hukunci game da lokacin ban ruwa da takin zamani. Yanzu tare da waɗannan na'urori masu auna sigina, na iya sanin ainihin yanayin ƙasa, wanda ya kara min kwarin gwiwa game da girma na amfanin gona."
Mbele ya kuma lura cewa, ta yin amfani da na’urori masu auna firikwensin, gonarsa tana amfani da kashi 30 cikin 100 na karancin ruwa da kashi 20 cikin 100 na taki, yayin da ta kara yawan amfanin gona da kashi 15 cikin dari. Wannan ba kawai rage farashin samarwa ba, har ma yana rage tasirin muhalli.
Shari'ar aikace-aikacen
Hali 1: Oasis Farm a Gabashin Cape
Bayani:
Oasis Farm yana lardin Gabashin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu, yana da fadin kasa kusan kadada 500 kuma galibi yana noman masara da waken soya. Saboda matsalar ruwan sama da ake samu a yankin a shekarun baya-bayan nan, manomi Peter van der Merwe ya nemi hanyoyin da za a kara amfani da ruwa yadda ya kamata.
Aikace-aikacen Sensor:
A farkon 2024, Peter ya sanya na'urori masu auna firikwensin ƙasa guda 50 a gonar, waɗanda aka rarraba a cikin filaye daban-daban don lura da danshi na ƙasa, zafin jiki da abubuwan gina jiki a ainihin lokacin. Kowane firikwensin yana aika bayanai zuwa dandalin girgije kowane minti 15, wanda Bitrus zai iya gani a ainihin lokacin ta hanyar wayar hannu.
Takamammen sakamako:
1. Daidaitaccen ban ruwa:
Yin amfani da bayanan firikwensin, Bitrus ya gano cewa damshin ƙasa a cikin wasu filaye ya ragu sosai a kan takamaiman lokaci, yayin da wasu ya kasance barga. Ya gyara tsarinsa na noman rani bisa ga wadannan bayanai tare da aiwatar da dabarun ban ruwa na shiyya. A sakamakon haka, amfani da ruwan ban ruwa ya ragu da kusan kashi 35 cikin dari, yayin da amfanin masara da waken soya ya karu da kashi 10 da kashi 8 bisa dari.
2. Inganta hadi:
Hakanan na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna lura da abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarai kamar nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium a cikin ƙasa. Bitrus ya gyara tsarinsa na hadi bisa ga wannan bayanan don gujewa wuce gona da iri. Sakamakon haka, amfani da takin zamani ya ragu da kusan kashi 25 cikin 100, yayin da ingancin kayan amfanin gona ya inganta.
3. Gargadin kwari:
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin kuma sun taimaka wa Bitrus gano kwari da cututtuka a cikin ƙasa. Ta hanyar nazarin yanayin yanayin ƙasa da bayanan zafi, ya sami damar yin hasashen faruwar kwari da cututtuka tare da ɗaukar matakan rigakafi don rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari.
Jawabi daga Peter van der Mewe:
"Amfani da na'urar firikwensin ƙasa, na sami damar sarrafa gonata a kimiyyance, a da, koyaushe ina cikin damuwa game da yawan ban ruwa ko kuma takin zamani, yanzu zan iya yanke shawara bisa ga ainihin bayanai. Wannan ba kawai yana ƙara haɓaka ba, har ma yana rage tasirin muhalli."
Hali na 2: "Gidan inabin Sunny" a Yammacin Cape
Bayani:
Ana zaune a lardin Western Cape na Afirka ta Kudu, Sunshine Vineyards sananne ne don samar da ingantattun giya. Mai gonar inabin Anna du Plessis na fuskantar kalubale na raguwar amfanin inabin da ingancinsa saboda illar sauyin yanayi kan noman 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Aikace-aikacen Sensor:
A tsakiyar 2024, Anna ya shigar da na'urori masu auna firikwensin ƙasa 30 a cikin gonakin inabin, waɗanda aka rarraba a ƙarƙashin nau'ikan inabin iri daban-daban don saka idanu danshi, zazzabi da abubuwan gina jiki a ainihin lokacin. Anna kuma tana amfani da firikwensin yanayi don saka idanu bayanai kamar zafin iska, zafi da saurin iska.
Takamammen sakamako:
1. Gudanarwa mai kyau:
Yin amfani da bayanan firikwensin, Anna yana iya fahimtar yanayin ƙasa daidai da kowace itacen inabi. Dangane da waɗannan bayanan, ta daidaita tsare-tsaren ban ruwa da takin zamani tare da aiwatar da ingantaccen kulawa. A sakamakon haka, yawan amfanin gona da ingancin inabin an inganta sosai, kamar yadda ingancin ruwan inabin ya kasance.
2. Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa:
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin sun taimaka wa Anna inganta amfani da ruwa. Ta gano cewa damshin ƙasa a wasu filaye yana da yawa a wasu lokuta, wanda ke haifar da rashin iskar oxygen a cikin tushen itacen inabi. Ta hanyar daidaita shirinta na ban ruwa, ta kauce wa ban ruwa da kuma ajiye ruwa.
3. Daidaitawar yanayi:
Na'urori masu auna yanayin yanayi suna taimaka wa Anna ta lura da illolin sauyin yanayi a gonakin inabinta. Dangane da yanayin zafin iska da bayanan zafi, ta daidaita matakan dasawa da inuwa na kurangar inabin don inganta juriyar yanayin kurangar inabin.
Jawabi daga Anna du Plessis:
"Amfani da na'urori masu auna yanayin ƙasa da na'urori masu auna yanayin yanayi, na sami damar sarrafa gonar inabina da kyau. Wannan ba kawai yana inganta yawan amfanin gona da ingancin inabin ba, har ma yana ba ni ƙarin fahimtar tasirin sauyin yanayi. Wannan zai taimaka sosai ga shirin shuka na nan gaba."
Harka 3: Gonar Girbi a KwaZulu-Natal
Bayani:
gonar Girbi tana cikin lardin KwaZulu-Natal kuma galibi ana noman rake ne. Sakamakon rashin ruwan sama a yankin, manomi Rashid Patel ya kasance yana neman hanyoyin bunkasa noman rake.
Aikace-aikacen Sensor:
A cikin rabin na biyu na 2024, Rashid ya shigar da na'urori masu auna firikwensin ƙasa 40 a gonar, waɗanda aka rarraba a cikin filaye daban-daban don lura da danshin ƙasa, zafin jiki da abubuwan gina jiki a ainihin lokacin. Ya kuma yi amfani da jirage marasa matuka wajen daukar hotuna na iska da kuma lura da ci gaban da ake samu.
Takamammen sakamako:
1. Haɓaka samarwa:
Yin amfani da bayanan firikwensin, Rashid ya sami damar fahimtar daidai yanayin ƙasa na kowane yanki. Ya daidaita tsare-tsaren ban ruwa da takin zamani bisa wadannan bayanai, tare da aiwatar da ingantattun dabarun noma. A sakamakon haka, yawan adadin sukari ya karu da kusan 15%.
2. Ajiye albarkatu:
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin sun taimaka wa Rashid inganta amfani da ruwa da taki. Dangane da danshin kasa da bayanan abubuwan gina jiki, ya daidaita tsare-tsaren ban ruwa da takin zamani don guje wa yawan ban ruwa da takin zamani da adana albarkatu.
3. Gudanar da Kwari:
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin kuma sun taimaka wa Rashid gano kwari da cututtuka a cikin ƙasa. Dangane da yanayin zafin ƙasa da bayanan zafi, ya ɗauki matakan rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari.
Jawabi daga Rashid Patel:
"Ta hanyar amfani da na'urar firikwensin kasa, na sami damar sarrafa gonata ta hanyar kimiyya, wannan ba kawai yana kara yawan amfanin gona ba, har ma yana rage tasirin muhalli. Ina shirin kara fadada amfani da na'urori masu auna sigina a nan gaba don samun ingantacciyar hanyar noma."
Goyan bayan gwamnati da kamfanin fasaha
Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu tana mai da hankali sosai kan bunƙasa aikin noma daidai gwargwado tare da bayar da tallafin siyasa da dama da kuma tallafin kuɗi. "Ta hanyar inganta ingantaccen fasahar noma, muna fatan inganta aikin noma yadda ya kamata, kare lafiyar abinci na kasa da kuma inganta ci gaba mai dorewa," in ji jami'in gwamnati.
Kamfanonin fasaha da yawa kuma suna da hannu sosai, suna ba da nau'ikan firikwensin ƙasa da dandamali na tantance bayanai. Waɗannan kamfanoni ba wai kawai suna ba da kayan aikin kayan masarufi ba, har ma suna ba da horon fasaha da sabis na tallafi ga manoma don taimaka musu da amfani da waɗannan sabbin fasahohin.
Hangen gaba
Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar firikwensin ƙasa, aikin noma a Afirka ta Kudu zai haifar da zamanin da ya fi dacewa da aikin noma. A nan gaba, ana iya haɗa waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin da jirage marasa matuƙa, injinan noma masu sarrafa kansu da sauran na'urori don samar da cikakkiyar yanayin yanayin aikin gona.
Dr John Smith, kwararre a fannin noma na Afirka ta Kudu, ya ce: "Na'urori masu auna kasa wani muhimmin bangare ne na aikin noma daidai, da wadannan na'urori, za mu iya kara fahimtar bukatun kasa da amfanin gona, da ba da damar samar da aikin gona yadda ya kamata. Wannan ba wai kawai zai taimaka wajen kara yawan samar da abinci ba, har ma da rage tasirin muhalli da kuma taimakawa wajen samun ci gaba mai dorewa."
Kammalawa
Aikin noma na Afirka ta Kudu na samun sauyi ta hanyar fasaha. Faɗin aikace-aikacen na'urori masu auna firikwensin ƙasa ba kawai yana inganta ingantaccen aikin noma ba, har ma yana kawo fa'idodin tattalin arziki na gaske ga manoma. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban fasaha da goyon bayan manufofi, aikin noma na gaskiya zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a Afirka ta Kudu da ma duniya baki daya, yana ba da gudummawa mai kyau ga cimma burin ci gaba mai dorewa.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-20-2025